Abstract
The mission formulated in Article 164 EEC for the task to be performed by the ECJ has the terseness of a military assignment. Indeed, it does give the sense of a calling to act as a guardian of the constitution of a new, broad-based and durable form of integration, based on a common market and close economic co-operation between Western European States, which just a few years before had fought each other in a devastating continental war. Part of the backdrop to this was the earlier failures in the 1950s to finalise the attempted Treaties on Defence and the European Political Union.
Former Ambassador, and former President of the EFTA Surveillance Authority.
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Notes
- 1.
Case C-26/62 Van Gend en Loos v. Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen [1963] ECR 1.
- 2.
Case C-26/69 Stauder v. City of Ulm – Sozialamt [1969] ECR 419.
- 3.
The European Social Charter is a Council of Europe treaty aiming at supporting the ECHR, which was opened for signature in 1961 and became effective in 1965. Revised in 1996, the initial treaty will gradually be replaced. This treaty must not be confused with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which meets the demand for a kind of “Bill of Rights” for all those living in the European Union, and which came into force in 2009, see below.
- 4.
Opinion 2/94 [1996] ECR I-1759.
- 5.
An adapted text of the Charter is published in O.J. 2012 C 326/391.
- 6.
Opinion 2/13 EU:C:2014:2454.
- 7.
Opinion 1/91 ECR [1991] I-6079.
- 8.
See, for instance, the intervention by Advocate General Francis Jacobs in Report from the Fifth Nordic Conference on EFTA and the European Union, Helsinki 1994 (ISBN 951-96579-1-6), at page 37 et seq. The same publication also contains at page 187 et seq. an excellent overview by Sir Francis Jacobs of the development of the Community legal order through the case law of the ECJ and how far these features will apply also in the EEA.
- 9.
Supra footnote 1.
- 10.
Article 108 EEA and the resulting Agreement between the EFTA States on the Establishment of a Surveillance Authority and a Court of Justice.
- 11.
Case C-270/80 Polydor Limited and RSO Records v Harlequin Record Shops Limited and Simon Records Limited ECR [1982] 320.
- 12.
Hauptzollamt Mainz v. Kupferberg & Cie KG a. A, ECR [1982] 3641.
- 13.
Case 1/94 Ravintoloitsijain Liiton Kustannus Oy Restamark [1994–1995] EFTA Ct. Rep. 15, Paras. 32–34 and 81.
- 14.
Incidentally, this formulation became of great importance to the work of ESA because it directly indicated the salient points to look for in implementation control and prevented a looming conflict with EFTA/EEA governments over the interpretation of Article 7(b) where their choice of “form and method of implementation” often tended to be taken to apply as well to the material substance of the Directive in question.
- 15.
Case E-9/97 Erla Maria Sveinbjörnsdóttir v Iceland [1998] EFTA Ct. Rep. 95.
- 16.
Case-8/81 Becker v. Finanzamt Münster-Innenstadt [1982] ECR 537 and Francovich, Joined cases C-6/90 and C-9/90 [1991] ECR I-5401.
- 17.
Case E-4/01 Karl K. Karlsson Hf [2002] EFTA Ct. Rep. 240.
- 18.
Case C-429/01Margarethe Ospelt und Schlössle Weissenberg Familienstiftung [2003] ECR I-9745.
- 19.
Case E-8/97 TV 100 Sverige AB [1998] EFTA Ct. Rep. 68.
- 20.
Case E-2/02, Technologien Bau- und Wirtschaftsberatung and Bellona [2003] EFTA Ct. Rep. 37.
- 21.
Case E-2/03 Ásgrimsson [2003] EFTA Ct. Rep. 185.
- 22.
Case E-15/10 Posten Norge v. EFTA Surveillance Authority [2012] EFTA Ct. Rep. 246.
- 23.
E-18/11 Irish Bank Resolution Corporation Ltd v Kaupthing hf, [2012] EFTA Ct.Rep. 1178, paras. 57, 58 and 63.
Reference
Report from the Fifth Nordic Conference on EFTA and the European Union (1994) Helsinki
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Almestad, K. (2019). The Law. In: Selvik, G., Clifton, MJ., Haas, T., Lourenço, L., Schwiesow, K. (eds) The Art of Judicial Reasoning. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02553-3_2
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