Abstract
This chapter considers the causes of developing laterality and adopts a multi-factorial perspective . It reviews genetic and environmental contributions, in particular. Genetically, simple Mendelian models do not work, and polygenetic models have more traction. But any one allele suggested as influencing handedness and related lateralities explains very little of the data. Environmental factors include the influence of culture; for example, some cultures might train out left-handedness. Also, parents might model more right-handedness. Further, stress can have indirect environmental effects , such as influencing laterality development prenatally or through early postnatal adversity. Epigenetics provides one influence on laterality development and is burgeoning in the research undertaken. Epigenesis concerns silencing the promoter region of alleles that contributes to a behavioral or nervous system characteristic, such as handedness, for example, through DNA methylation . Stress could be one factor in this gene silencing process . The result is that the alleles involved do not transcribe the proteins to which their function is dedicated, thereby altering development. The chapter concludes with research on cultural neuroscience, illustrating how laterality is influenced by culture , depending on differential neuroscientific /brain patterns over culture . These findings illustrate that laterality development is a biopsychosocial expression as much as other areas of development.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Annett, M. (1985). Left, right, hand and brain: The right shift theory. London: Erlbaum.
Armour, J. A., Davison, A., & McManus, J. C. (2014). Genome-wide association study of handedness excludes simple genetic models. Heredity, 112, 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2013.93
Arning, L., Oklenburg, S., Schulz, S., Ness, V., Gerding, W. M., Hengstler, J. G., et al. (2015). Handedness and the X chromosome: The role of androgen receptor CAG-repeat length. Scientific Reports, 5, 8325. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08325
Belsky, J., Jonassaint, C., Pluess, M., Stanton, M., Brummett, B., & Williams, R. (2009). Vulnerability genes or plasticity genes? Molecular Psychiatry, 14, 746–754. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.44
Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood trauma questionnaire: A retrospective self-report manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Besteher, B., Gaser, C., Spalthoff, R., & Nenadić, I. (2017). Associations between urban upbringing and cortical thickness and gyrification. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 95, 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.08.012
Beukelaar, L. J., & Kroonenberg, P. M. (1986). Changes over time in the relationship between hand preference and writing hand among left-handers. Neuropsychologia, 24, 301–303.
Brandler, W. M., & Paracchini, S. (2014). The genetic relationship between handedness and neurodevelopmental disorders. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 20, 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2013.10.008
Brüne, M., Nadolny, N., Güntürkün, O., & Wolf, O. T. (2013). Stress induces a functional asymmetry in an emotional attention task. Cognition & Emotion, 27, 558–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.726211
Campbell, J. M., Marcinowski, E. C., Babik, I., & Michel, G. F. (2015). The influence of a hand preference for acquiring objects on the development of a hand preference for unimanual manipulation from 6 to 14 months. Infant Behavior and Development, 39, 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.02.013
Chen, X., Zhang, G., Liang, Z., Zhang, M., Way, N., Yoshikawa, H., et al. (2014). The association between 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and behavioral inhibition in Chinese toddlers. Developmental Psychobiology, 56, 1601–1608. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21253
Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived stress in probability sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), The social psychology of health: Claremont symposium on applied social psychology (pp. 31–67). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Corballis, M. C. (1991). The lopsided ape: Evolution of the generative mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
Corballis, M. C. (2014). Left brain, right brain: Facts and fantasies. PLoS Biology, 12, e1001767. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001767
Crespi, B., Read, S., & Hurd, P. (2017a). The SETDB2 locus: Evidence for a genetic link between handedness and atopic disease. Heredity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-017-0004-7
Crespi, B., Read, S., & Hurd, P. (2017b). Segregating polymorphisms of FOXP2 are associated with measures of inner speech, speech fluency and strength of handedness in healthy population. Brain & Language, 173, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2017.06.002
Crow, T. J. (2010). A theory of the origin of cerebral asymmetry: Epigenetic variation superimposed on a fixed right-shift. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 15, 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500902734900
Davidson, R. J. (2004). What does the prefrontal cortex “do” in affect: Perspectives on frontal EEG asymmetry research. Biological Psychology, 67, 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.03.008
de Kovel, C. G. F., Lisgo, S., Karlebach, G., Ju, J., Cheng, G., Fisher, S. E., et al. (2017). Left-right asymmetry of maturation rations in human embryonic neural development. Biological Psychiatry, 82, 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.01.016
Denny, K. (2012). Breastfeeding predicts handedness. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 17, 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2011.579131
Eichler, E. E., Flint, J., Gibson, G., Kong, A., Leal, S. M., Moore, J. H., et al. (2010). Missing heritability and strategies for finding the underlying causes of complex disease. Nature Reviews. Genetics, 11, 446–450. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2809
El Khawli, E., Fan, Y., Aust, S., Wirth, K., Bönke, L., Stevense, A., et al. (2018). Early-life stress modulates neural networks associated with habitual use of reappraisal. Behavioural Brain Research, 337, 210–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.018
Fagard, J. (2013). The nature and nurture of human infant hand preference. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1288, 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12051
Francks, C., Maegawa, S., Lauren, J., Abrahams, B. S., Velayos-Baeza, A., Medland, S. E., et al. (2007). LRRTM1 on chromosome 2p12 is a maternally suppressed gene that is associated paternally with handedness and schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 12, 1129–1139. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002053
Friedman, M. J., Keane, T. M., & Resick, P. A. (2014). Handbook of PTSD: Science and practice (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Geuze, R. H., Schaafsma, S. M., Lust, J. M., Bouma, A., Schiefenhövel, W., & Groothuis, T. G. G. (2012). Plasticity of lateralization: Schooling predicts hand preference but not hand skill asymmetry in a non-industrial society. Neuropsychologia, 50, 612–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.017
Goetz, J. M., Pitman, S. R., Tanev, K. S., Pitman, R. K., & Chemtob, C. M. (2016). Mixed-handedness in identical twins discordant for combat exposure in Vietnam: Relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 28, 45–48. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.15040090
Gottlieb, G. (2007). Probabilistic epigenesis. Developmental Science, 10, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00556.x
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
Güntürkün, O., & Ocklenburg, S. (2017). Ontogenesis of lateralization. Neuron, 94, 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.045
Harricharan, S., Nicholson, A. A., Densmore, M., Théberge, J., McKinnon, M. C., Neufeld, R. W. J., et al. (2017). Sensory overload and imbalance: Resting-state vestibular connectivity in PTSD and its dissociative subtype. Neuropsychologia, 106, 169–178.
Harris, L. J. (1980). Left handedness: Early theories, facts and fancies. In J. Herron (Ed.), Neuropsychology of left handedness (pp. 3–78). London: Academic.
Herrmann, E., Call, J., Hernàdez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360–1366. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282
Holt-Lunstad, J. (2018). Why social relationships are important for physical health: A systems approach to understanding and modifying risk and protection. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 437–458. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011902
Hoppitt, W. J. E., Brown, G. R., Kendal, R., Rendell, L., Thornton, A., Webster, M. W., et al. (2008). Lessons from animal teaching. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 23, 486–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.05.008
Ito, J., Fujiwara, T., Monden, Y., Yamagata, T., & Ohira, H. (2017). Association of Oxytocin and parental prefrontal activation during reunion with infant: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 5, 271. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00271
Johnston, D. W., Nicholls, M., Shah, M., & Shields, M. A. (2010). Handedness, health and cognitive development: Evidence from children in the NLSY (IZA Discussion Paper 4774). Retrieved from http://ftp.iza.org/dp4774.pdf
Jones, M. J., Moore, S. R., & Kobor, M. S. (2018). Principles and challenges of applying epigenetic epidemiology to psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 459–485. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033653
Jones, S. J. (2017). Cradling bias occurrence and purpose. Medical & Clinical Research, 2. Retrieved from http://medclinres.org/pdfs/cradling-bias-occurrence-and-purpose-mcr-17.pdf
Karenina, K., Giljov, A., Ingram, J., Rowntree, V. J., & Malashichev, Y. (2017). Lateralization of mother-infant interactions in a diverse range of mammal species. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-016-0030
Karlebach, G., & Francks, C. (2015). Lateralization of gene expression in human language cortex. Cortex, 67, 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.03.003
Khan, A., Schmidt, L. A., & Chen, X. (2017). Cultural neuroscience of emotion: Toward a developmental framework. Psychology & Neuroscience, 10, 11–40. https://doi.org/10.1037/pne0000078
Klengel, T., Mehta, D., Anacker, C., Rex-Haffner, M., Pruessner, J. C., Pariante, C. M., et al. (2013). Allele-specific FKBP5 DNA demethylation mediates gene-childhood trauma interactions. Nature Neuroscience, 16, 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3275
Konishi, Y., Mikawa, H., & Suzuki, J. (1986). Asymmetrical head-turning of preterm infants: Some effects on later postural and functional lateralities. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 28, 450–457.
Kronholm, I. (2017). Adaptive evolution and epigenetics. In T. O. Tollefsboll (Ed.), Handbook of epigenetics: The new molecular and medical genetics (2nd ed., pp. 427–439). London: Academic.
Kühn, S., & Gallinat, J. (2013). Gray matter correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative meta-analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 73, 70–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.029
Kushner, H. I. (2013). Why are there (almost) no left-handers in China? Endeavour, 37, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2012.12.003
Laland, K. N. (2008). Exploring gene-culture interactions: Insights from handedness, sexual selection and niche-construction case studies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363, 3577–3589. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0132
Laland, K. N., Kumm, J., Van Horn, J. D., & Feldman, M. W. (1995). A gene-culture model of human handedness. Behavior Genetics, 25, 433–445.
Leach, E. L., Prefontaine, G., Hurd, P. L., & Crespi, B. J. (2014). The imprinted gene LRRTM1 mediates schizotypy and handedness in a nonclinical population. Journal of Human Genetics, 59, 332–336. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2014.30
Legare, C. H. (2017). Cumulative cultural learning: Development and diversity. In Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (Vol. 114, pp. 7877–7883). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620743114
Lerner, R. M., & Overton, W. F. (2017). Reduction to absurdity: Why epigenetics invalidates all models involving genetic reduction. Human Development, 60, 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1159/000477995
Luo, Y., Liu, Y., Qin, Y., Zhang, X., Ma, T., Wu, W., et al. (2017). The atrophy and laterality of the hippocampal subfields in parents with or without posttraumatic stress disorder who lost their only child in China. Neurological Sciences, 38, 1241–4247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-017-2952-3
Madsen, K. S., Jernigan, T. L., Iversen, P., Frokjaer, V. G., Mortensen, G. M., Knudsen, G. M., et al. (2012). Cotisol awakening response and negative emotionality linked to asymmetry in major limbic fibre bundle architecture. Psychiatry Research, 201, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.07.015
Maher, B. (2008). Personal genomes: The case of the missing heritability. Nature, 456, 18–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/456018a
Mandal, M. K., & Dutta, T. (2001). Left handedness: Facts and figures across cultures. Psychology and Developing Societies, 13, 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/097133360101300204
Marchant, L. F., & McGrew, W. C. (2013). Handedness is more than laterality: Lessons from chimpanzees. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1288, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12062
Meaney, M. J. (2010). Epigenetics and the biological definition of gene x environment interactions. Child Development, 81, 41–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01381.x
Medland, S. E., Duffy, D. L., Wright, M. J., Geffen, G. M., Hay, D. A., Levy, F., et al. (2009). Genetic influences on handedness: Data from 25,731 Australian and Dutch twin families. Neuropsychologia, 47, 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.005
Mesoudi, A. (2016). Cultural evolution: A review of theory, findings, and controversies. Evolutionary Biology, 43, 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-015-9320-0
Meyer, T., Quaedflieg, C. W. E. M., Weijland, K., Schruers, K., Merckelbach, H., & Smeets, T. (2016). Frontal EEG asymmetry during symptom provocation predicts subjective responses to intrusions in survivors with and without PTSD. Psychophysiology, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12.779
Michel, G. F. (1981). Right-handedness: A consequence of infant supine head-orientation preference? Science, 212, 685–687.
Michel, G. F. (2018). How might the relation of the development of hand preferences to the development of cognitive functions be examined during infancy: A sketch? Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00739
Michel, G. F., Babik, I., Nelson, E. L., Campbell, J. M., & Marcinowski, E. C. (2018). Evolution and development of handedness: An evo-devo approach. Progress in Brain Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.phr.2018.06.007
Michel, G. F., Babik, I., Shue, C.-F., & Campbell, J. M. (2013). Latent classes in the developmental trajectories of infant handedness. Developmental Psychology, 50, 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033312
Milliken, G. W. (2017). Laterality (handedness). In J. Vonk & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of animal cognition and behavior (pp. 1–4). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Miskovic, V., Schmidt, L. A., Georgiades, K., Boyle, M., & MacMillan, H. L. (2009). Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment. Developmental Psychobiology, 51, 474–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20387
Moore, D. S. (2017). The potential of epigenetics research to transform conceptions of phenotype development. Human Development, 60, 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1159/000477992
Moran, J. K., Crombach, A., Elbert, T., Nandi, C., Bambonyé, M., Wienbruch, C., et al. (2017). The individual contribution of DSM 5 symptom clusters of PTSD, life events, and childhood adversity to frontal oscillatory brain asymmetry in a large sample of active combatants. Biological Psychology, 129, 305–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.09.014
Morange-Majoux, F., & Devouche, E. (2014). Social encouragement can influence manual preference in 6-month-old-infants. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1225. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsychg.2014.01225
Mullon, C., & Lehmann, L. (2017). Invasion fitness for gene-culture co-evolution in family-structured populations and an application to cumulative culture under vertical transmission. Theoretical Population Biology, 116, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.003
Muntané, G., Santpere, G., Verendeev, A., Seeley, W. W., Jacobs, B., Hopkins, W. D., et al. (2017). Interhemispheric gene expression differences in the cerebral cortex of humans and macaque monkeys. Brain Structure and Function, 222, 3241–3254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-017-1401-7
Nikolova, Y. S., & Hariri, A. R. (2015). Can we observe epigenetic effects on human brain function? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.05.003
Ocklenburg, S., Arning, L., Gerding, W. M., Epplen, J. T., Güntürkün, O., & Beste, C. (2013). Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) gene variation is associated with language lateralization. PLoS One, 8, e53643. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053643
Ocklenburg, S., Arning, L., Gerding, W. M., Hengstler, J. G., Epplen, J. T., Güntürkün, O., et al. (2016). Left-right axis differentiation and functional lateralization: A haplotype in the methyltransferases encoding gene SETDB2 might mediate handedness in healthy adults. Molecular Neurobiology, 53, 6355–6361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9534-2
Ocklenburg, S., & Güntürkün, O. (2018). The lateraized brain: The neuroscience and evolution of hemispheric asymmetries. Cambridge, MA: Elsevier.
Ocklenburg, S., Korte, S. M., Peterburs, J., Wolf, O. T., & Güntürkün, O. (2016). Stress and laterality – The comparative perspective. Physiology & Behavior, 164, 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.020
Ocklenburg, S., Packheiser, J., Schmitz, J., Rook, N., Güntürkün, O., Peterburs, J., & Grimshaw, G. M. (2018). Hugs and kisses - The role of motor preferences and emotional lateralization for hemispheric asymmetries in human social touch. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 95, 353–360.
Ocklenburg, S., Schmitz, J., Moinfar, Z., Moser, D., Klose, R., Lor, S., et al. (2017). Epigenetic regulation of lateralized fetal spinal gene expression underlies hemispheric asymmetries. eLife, 6. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22784
Pakulak, E., Stevens, C., & Neville, H. (2018). Neuro-, cardio-, and immunoplasticity: Effects of early adversity. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 131–156. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044115
Paracchini, S., Diaz, R., & Stein, J. (2016). Advances in dyslexia genetics – New insights into the role of brain asymmetries. Advances in Genetics, 96, 53–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.08.003
Paracchini, S., & Scerri, T. (2017). Genetics of human handedness and laterality. In L. J. Rogers & G. Vallortigara (Eds.), Lateralized brain functions: Methods in human and non-human species (pp. 523–552). New York: Springer SBM.
Piper, B. J., Yasen, A. L., Taylor, A. E., Ruiz, J. R., Gaynor, J. W., Dayger, C. A., et al. (2013). Non-replication of an association of Apolipoprotein E2 with sinistrality. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 18, 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2012.660164
Porac, C. (2016). Laterality: Exploring the enigma of left-handedness. London: Elsevier.
Prete, G., Malatesta, G., & Tommasi, L. (2017). Facial gender and hemispheric asymmetries: A hf-tRNS study. Brain Stimulation, 10, 1145–1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.08.002
Reissland, N., Aydin, E., Francis, B., & Exley, K. (2015). Laterality of fetal self-touch in relation to maternal stress. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 20, 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2014.920339
Risch, N., & Pringle, G. (1985). Segregation analysis of human hand preference. Behavioral Genetics, 15, 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01070896
Robinson, K. J., Hurd, P. L., Read, S., & Crespi, B. J. (2016). The PCSK6 gene is associated with handedness, the autism spectrum, and magical ideation in a non-clinical population. Neuropsychologia, 84, 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.020
Rogers, L. J., & Vallortigara, G. (2017). Lateralized brain functions: Methods in human and non-human species. New York: Springer SBM.
Rosso, I. M., Crowley, D. J., Silveri, M. M., Rauch, S. L., & Jensen, J. E. (2017). Hippocampus glutamate and N-acetyl aspartate markers of excitotoxic neuronal compromise in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42, 1698–1705. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.32
Rozin, P., Moscovitch, M., & Imada, S. (2016). Right: Left: East: West. Evidence that individuals from East Asian and South Asian cultures emphasize right hemisphere functions in comparison to Euro-American cultures. Neuropsychologia, 90, 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.027
Rutherford, H. J. V., & Lindell, A. K. (2011). Thriving and surviving: Approach and avoidance motivation and lateralization. Emotion Review, 3, 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911402392
Sandve, H., Lorås, H., & Vorland Pedersen, A. (2018). Is it possible to change handedness after only a short period of practice? Effects of 15 days of intensive practice on life-hand writing in strong right handers. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2018.1534856
Sasaki, J. Y., & Kim, H. S. (2017). Nature, nurture, and their interplay: A review of cultural neuroscience. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48, 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116680481
Saunders, P. T. (2017). Epigenetic and evolution. Human Development, 60, 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1159/000477993
Savitz, J., van der Merwe, L., Solms, M., & Ramesar, R. (2007). Lateralization of hand skill in bipolar affective disorder. Genes, Brain, and Behavior, 6, 698–705. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00299.x
Schalinski, I., Moran, J. K., Elbert, T., Reindl, V., & Wienbruch, C. (2017). Oscillatory magnetic brain activity is related to dissociative symptoms and childhood adversities – A study in women with multiple trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 218, 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.009
Schmitz, J., Kumsta, R., Moser, D., Güntürkün, O., & Ocklenburg, S. (2017a). DNA methylation in candidate genes for handedness predicts handedness direction. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2017.1377726
Schmitz, J., Kumsta, R., Moser, D., Güntürkün, O., & Ocklenburg, S. (2017b). KIAA0319 promoter DNA methylation predicts dichotic listening performance in forced-attention conditions. Behavioural Brain Research, 30(337), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.035
Schmitz, J., Lor, S., Klose, R., Güntürkün, O., & Ocklenburg, S. (2017). The functional genetics of handedness and language lateralization: Insights from gene ontology, pathway, and disease association analyses. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1144. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsychg.2017.01144
Schmitz, J., Metz, G. A. S., Güntürkün, O., & Ocklenburg, S. (2017). Beyond the genome – Towards an epigenetic understanding of handedness ontogenesis. Progress in Neurobiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.005
Searleman, A., Porac, C., & Coren, S. (1989). Relationship between birth order, birth stress, and lateral preferences: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 397–408.
Smith, L. L., & Hines, M. (2000). Language lateralization and handedness in women prenatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES). Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, 497–512.
Somers, M., Shields, L. S., Boks, M. P., Kahn, R. S., & Sommer, I. E. (2015). Cognitive benefits of right-handedness: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 51, 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.003
Sparrow, S., Manning, J. R., Cartier, J., Anblagan, D., Bastin, M. E., Piyasena, C., et al. (2016). Epigenomic profiling of preterm infants reveal DNA methylation differences at sites associated with neural function. Translational Psychiatry, 6, e716. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.210
Steenhuis, R. E., & Bryden, M. P. (1989). Different dimensions of hand preference that relate to skilled and unskilled activities. Cortex, 25, 289–304.
Todd, B. K., & Banerjee, R. (2016). Lateralization of infant holding by mothers: A longitudinal evaluation of variations over the first 12 weeks. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 21, 12–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2015.1059434
Tremblay, R. E., Vitaro, F., & Côte, S. M. (2018). Developmental origins of chronic physical aggression: A bio-psycho-social model for the next generation of preventive interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 383–407. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044030
Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., & Seghier, M. L. (2016). The neural bases of hemispheric specialization. Neuropsychologia, 93, 319–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.10.010
Uwaezuoke, S. N., Eke, C. B., & Nwobi, E. A. (2015). Left-hand dominance in children: Prevalence and maternal stereotypes in a South-East Nigerian city. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 20, 530–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2015.1006642
Van der Elst, W., Hurks, P. P. M., Wassenberg, R., Meijs, C. J. C., Van Boxtel, M. P. J., & Jolles, J. (2011). On the association between lateral preferences and pregnancy/birth stress events in a nonclinical sample of school-aged children. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803391003757825
Waddington, C. H. (1957). The strategy of the genes. London: Allen and Unwin.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule – Expanded form. Iowa City, IA: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Publications. Retrieved from https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=psychology_pubs
Whiten, A. (2017). Culture extends the scope of evolutionary biology in the great apes. In Proceedings of National Academic Science in United States of America (Vol. 114, pp. 7790–7797). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620733114
Whiten, A., Ayala, F. J., Feldman, M. W., & Laland, K. N. (2017). The extension of biology through culture. In Proceedings of National Academic Science in United States of America (Vol. 114, pp. 7775–7781). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707630114
Witherington, D. C., & Lickliter, R. (2017). Transcending the nature-nurture debate through epigenetics: Are we there yet? Human Development, 60, 65–68. https://doi.org/10.1159/000478796
Young, G. (2016). Unifying causality and psychology: Being, brain and behavior. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Young, G. (2017). PTSD in court. Part II. Risk factors, endophenotypes, and biological underpinnings. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 51, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.02.002
Young, G., Bowman, J. G., Methot, C., Finlayson, M., Quintal, J., & Boissonneault, P. (1983). Hemispheric specialization development: What (inhibition) and how (parents). In G. Young, S. J. Segalowitz, C. M. Corter, & S. E. Trehub (Eds.), Manual specialization and the developing brain (pp. 119–140). New York: Academic.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Young, G. (2019). Multi-factorial Causality in Laterality. In: Causality and Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02493-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02493-2_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02492-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02493-2
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)