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Introduction

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Spectroscopic Methods in the Study of Kaolin Minerals and Their Modifications

Part of the book series: Springer Mineralogy ((MINERAL))

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Abstract

The kaolin group (kandite group) consists of four polymorphs kaolinite , dickite , nacrite , and halloysite . Whereas the first three minerals are identified by different stacking orders of the clay layers, halloysite in contrast is the only mineral that contains water between its clay layers and as a result has a tendency to form tubular crystals. Kaolinite is found in soils, in particular lateritic soils, as well as in sedimentary rocks up till late diagenesis (with dickite) up to 200 °C and hydrostatic pressures up to 300–400 bars and hydrothermal deposits. Dickite is generally related to conditions of higher temperature and pressure and mainly occurs in hydrothermal or sedimentary rocks. Nacrite is the rarest of the four polymorphs and occurs mostly in hydrothermal environments. The structure of kaolinite consists of 1:1 layers (one octahedral Al sheet and one tetrahedral Si sheet) regularly stacked horizontally with each layer translated by –a/3. In contrast, the structures of dickite and nacrite can be described as two different regular stackings of two-layer units, each layer being related to neighbouring layers by a glide plane.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, The University of the Philippines Visayas, Miag-ao, Philippines

    Jacob (Theo) Kloprogge

  2. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Jacob (Theo) Kloprogge

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  1. Jacob (Theo) Kloprogge
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Kloprogge, J.(. (2019). Introduction. In: Spectroscopic Methods in the Study of Kaolin Minerals and Their Modifications. Springer Mineralogy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02373-7_1

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