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Physical Exercise and Heat Shock Proteins

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Chaperokine Activity of Heat Shock Proteins

Part of the book series: Heat Shock Proteins ((HESP,volume 16))

Abstract

Molecular chaperones consist of several highly conserved families of proteins, many of which consist of heat shock proteins. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a group of cytoprotective proteins critical in the maintenance of protein and cellular homeostasis and protect the cell against further insults. HSP also can actively release to circulation and function as chaperokine. It has become suggested that they induced or activated with acute exercise or after chronic exercise training. It seems that a combination of thermal, oxidative and metabolic stress and muscle damage involved in exercise-induced HSP. These chaperones can play important role in biological response and adaptation by exercise. It is well known that the levels of certain molecular chaperones are elevated during stress to provide protection to the cell. For example stress response get disturbed in some conditions such as, cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer’s, furthermore in conditions that may stimulated disease such as aging. In the present chapter we discussed the role of exercise on these classes of chaperones in biology of exercise and human diseases. Exercise training, by improving the level of HSP, can help to amplify the stress response. These observations provided an opportunity to exploit protective role of HSP health and physical performance. Therefore, identifying the biological effects of these chaperons in exercise can lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of exercise in medicine and exercise adaptation biology.

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Abbreviations

ADT:

Androgen deprivation therapy

BiP:

Immunoglobulin binding protein

CCT:

Chaperonin containing TCP-1 beta subunit

CK:

Creatine kinase

CRP:

C reactive protein

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

FOXOs:

Forkhead box protein O1

GRP75:

Glucose-regulated protein 75

GS:

Glycogen synthase

GSK3αm:

Glycogen synthase kinases α

HSF:

Heat shock factor

HSF1:

Heat shock factor1

HSP:

Heat shock proteins

IKK:

Inhibitor of NF-kb kinase

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

IRE1a:

Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease-1

JNK:

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase

NFkB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NGEMP:

Nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins

NP22:

Neuronal protein 22

P13K/AKT:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt

p38 MAPK:

P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

PGC-1:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SIRT1:

Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

TRL:

Toll like receptor

UPR:

Unfolded protein response

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

    Amin Isanejad

  2. Sport Sciences Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

    Amin Isanejad

  3. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Amini

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Correspondence to Amin Isanejad .

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  1. Department of Medicine and Director, Precision Therapeutics Proteogenomics Diagnostic Center, Eleanor N. Dana Cancer Center, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA

    Alexzander A. A. Asea

  2. Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Punit Kaur

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Isanejad, A., Amini, H. (2019). Physical Exercise and Heat Shock Proteins. In: Asea, A., Kaur, P. (eds) Chaperokine Activity of Heat Shock Proteins . Heat Shock Proteins, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02254-9_12

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