Abstract
A fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) cycle footbridge has been proposed for construction in Bristol, United Kingdom for South Gloucestershire Council. The superstructure will span 54 m, comprising a bowstring carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) arch with a 5 m wide glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) deck supported by stainless steel hangers. Recently, a methodology has been proposed that provides a structured process to assess the value of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system for a bridge prior to deployment. This methodology outputs a simple metric that quantifies the likeliness of an SHM system to yield value to an asset owner. This FRP bridge is used as a case-study to ‘road test’ this process. Two possible systems were considered: a system of accelerometers and a system of strain gauges. From the resulting discussions, a deployment of accelerometers received a value-rating (VR) of 4.2. A strain gauge deployment received 3.7. The scores will contribute to a monitoring specification for the FRP bridge which is currently in the design phase. Expansions to the methodology have also been proposed to better capture the potential value of an SHM system which would be of interest to structural engineers and researchers, in particular to inform model validation and research activities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bakis, C., Bank, L., Brown, V., Cosenza, E., Davalos, J., Lesko, J., Machida, A., Rizkalla, S., Triantafillou, T.: Fiber-reinforced polymer composites for construction-state-of-the-art review. J. Compos. Constr. 6(2), 73–87 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:2(73)
Barbosa, R., Magalhães, F., Caetano, E., Cunha, Á.: The Viana footbridge: construction and dynamic monitoring. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Bridge Eng. 166(4), 273–290 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1680/bren.10.00048
Caetano, E., Cunha, Á., Moutinho, C., Magalhães, F.: Studies for controlling human-induced vibration of the Pedro e Inês footbridge, Portugal. Part 1: assessment of dynamic behaviour. Eng. Struct. 32(4), 1082–1091 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.12.034
Canning, L.: Mount pleasant FRP bridge deck over M6 motorway. In: Fourth International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2008), Switzerland (2008)
Canning, L., Luke, S.: Development of FRP bridges in the UK—an overview. Adv. Struct. Eng. 13(5), 823–835 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.13.5.823
Composites UK: BRIDGES – Case Studies (n.d.). https://compositesuk.co.uk/composite-materials/applications/construction/bridges. Accessed 19 April 2018
Dallard, P., Flint, A., Le Bourva, S., Low, A., Smith, R.M.R., Willford, M.: The London millennium footbridge. Struct. Eng. 79(22), 17–35 (2001)
Design Manual for Roads and Bridges DMRB: BD 90/05: Design of FRP Bridges and Highway Structures, vol. 1 (Section 3) (2005). http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol1/section3/bd9005.pdf. Accessed 26 June 2018
Hanly S.: Accelerometers: Taking the Guesswork Out of Accelerometer Selection. Engineering Solutions, Midé (2016). https://blog.mide.com/accelerometer-selection. Accessed 21 April 2018
Hollaway, L.C.: A review of the present and future utilisation of FRP composites in the civil infrastructure with reference to their important in-service properties. Constr. Build. Mater. 24(12), 2419–2445 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.062
Hota, G.V.S., Hota, S.R.V.: Advances in fibre-reinforced polymer composite bridge decks. Prog. Struct. Mat. Eng. 4(2), 161–168 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.113
Hoult, N.A.: Case study: Black River Bridge. In: Middleton, C., Fidler, P., Vardanega, P.J. (eds.) Bridge Monitoring: A Practical Guide, pp. 69–71. ICE Publishing, London (2016)
Hu, W.H., Caetano, E., Cunha, Á.: Structural health monitoring of a stress-ribbon footbridge. Eng. Struct. 57, 578–593 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.06.051
Ingólfsson, E.T., Georgakis, C.T., Jönsson, J.: Pedestrian-induced lateral vibrations of footbridges: a literature review. Eng. Struct. 45, 21–52 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.05.038
Kendall, D.: The business case for composites in construction. Reinf. Plast. 52(7), 20–27 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-3617(08)70239-X
Kumar, P., Chandrashekhara, K., Nanni, A.: Structural performance of a FRP bridge deck. Constr. Build. Mater. 18(1), 35–47 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(03)00036-9
Mara, V., Haghani, R., Harryson, P.: Bridge decks of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP): a sustainable solution. Constr. Build. Mater. 50, 190–199 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.036
Metra Mess- und Frequenztechnik (MMF): Piezoelectric Accelerometers – Theory and Application (2001). http://www.gracey.co.uk/downloads/accelerometers.pdf. Accessed 21 April 2018
Middleton, C.R., Fidler, P.R.A., Vardanega, P.J.: Bridge Monitoring: A Practical Guide. ICE Publishing, London (2016)
Midé: Slam Stick: Shock and Vibration Data Loggers. Engineering Solutions, Midé (2017). https://info.mide.com/data-loggers/download-slam-stick-datasheets-page. Accessed 21 April 2018
National Instruments: Measuring Strain with Strain Gauges (2016). http://www.ni.com/white-paper/3642/en/. Accessed 21 April 2018
Parsekian, G., Shrive, N., Brown, T., Kroman, J., Seibert, P., Perry, V., Boucher, A., Ghoneim, G.: Full-scale testing of a fibre-reinforced concrete footbridge. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Bridge Eng. 162(4), 157–166 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1680/bren.2009.162.4.157
Primi, S., Acero, R.L., Paulotto, C., Herrera, I.C.: Delivery of a 40 m long fibre-reinforced polymer composite footbridge in Madrid, Spain. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.16.00233
Russell, J., Wei, X., Živanović, S., Kruger, C.: Dynamic response of an FRP footbridge due to pedestrians and train buffeting. Procedia Engineering 199, 3059–3064 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.411
Sá, M.F., Guerreiro, L., Gomes, A.M., Correia, J.R., Silvestre, N.: Dynamic behaviour of a GFRP-steel hybrid pedestrian bridge in serviceability conditions. Part 1: experimental study. Thin Walled Struct. 117(May), 332–342 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2017.05.013
Sebastian, W., Ross, J., Johnson, M., Twyman, C., Henderson, J.: Continuous monitoring and lorry testing of the Frampton Cotterell FRP road bridge. In: Proceedings of the 2015 ACIC Conference, Cambridge, pp. 21–26 (2015)
Sebastian, W.: Case study: instrumentation and monitoring of the Frampton Cotterell FRP traffic bridge. In: Middleton, C., Fidler, P., Vardanega, P.J. (eds.) Bridge Monitoring: A Practical Guide, pp. 95–98. ICE Publishing, London (2016)
Shave, J., Bennetts, J.: Some principles for designing safe and robust FRP structures. In: Halliwell, S., Whysall, C. (eds.) FRP Bridges: Conference Proceedings Full Papers from the 1st FRP Bridges Conference, 13th–14th September 2012, London, UK. NetComposites Limited, Chesterfield, UK, pp. 4–14 (2012)
Shave, J., Denton, S., Frostick, I.: St Austell Footbridge: The first fibre reinforced polymer structure on the UK rail network. In: Proceedings of the 2009 ACIC Conference, Edinburgh, pp. 116–126 (2009)
Shave, J., Denton, S., Frostick, I.: Design of the St Austell fibre-reinforced polymer footbridge, UK. Struct. Eng. Int. 20(4), 427–429 (2010). https://doi.org/10.2749/101686610793557780
Siwowski, T., Kaleta, D., Rajchel, M.: Structural behaviour of an all-composite road bridge. Compos. Struct. 192(March), 555–567 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.03.042
Skinner, J.M.: A critical analysis of the Aberfeldy Footbridge, Scotland. In: Proceedings of Bridge Engineering 2 Conference 2009 (April) (2009)
Sonnenschein, R., Gajdosova, K., Holly, I.: FRP composites and their using in the construction of bridges. Procedia Eng. 161, 477–482 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.665
Thurlby, R.: Managing the asset time bomb: a system dynamics approach. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Forensic Eng. 166(3), 134–142 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1680/feng.12.00026
Vardanega, P.J., Webb, G.T., Fidler, P.R.A., Middleton, C.R.: Assessing the potential value of bridge monitoring systems. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Bridge Eng. 169(2), 126–138 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.15.00016
Votsis, R.A., Stratford, T.J., Chryssanthopoulos, M.K., Tantele, E.A.: Dynamic assessment of a FRP suspension footbridge through field testing and finite element modelling. Steel Compos. Struct. 23(2), 205–215 (2017). https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.23.2.205
Webb, G.: Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (2014)
Webb, G.T., Vardanega, P.J., Middleton, C.R.: Categories of SHM deployments: technologies and capabilities. J. Bridge Eng. 20(11), 04014118 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000735
WSP: Bridge visualisations. In: PK16/6500/F|Erection of an Composite Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge Linking Emersons Green East (Gateway) Development and the Existing District Centre, Across the A4174 Avon Ring Road (2016). http://developments.southglos.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=OH7M8AOKISZ00. Accessed 27 June 2018
WSP: Bridge cross-sections and elevations. In: PK16/6500/F|Erection of an Composite Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge Linking Emersons Green East (Gateway) Development and the Existing District Centre, Across the A4174 Avon Ring Road (2017). http://developments.southglos.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=OH7M8AOKISZ00. Accessed 27 June 2018
Živanović, S., Pavic, A., Reynolds, P.: Vibration serviceability of footbridges under human-induced excitation: a literature review. J. Sound Vib. 279, 1–74 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2004.01.019
Acknowledgments
The first author would like to acknowledge support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through the National Productivity Investment Fund (Grant Number EP/R51245X/1).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nepomuceno, D.D.T. et al. (2019). Assessing the Potential Value of a SHM Deployment on a Proposed Footbridge. In: Rodrigues, H., Elnashai, A. (eds) Advances and Challenges in Structural Engineering. GeoMEast 2018. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01932-7_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01932-7_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01931-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01932-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)