Abstract
Liquefaction is a hazardous and temporary phenomenon by which a soil saturated with water loses some or all of its resistance. The undrained conditions and a cyclic load increase the pores water pressure inside the soil and therefore a reduction of the effective stress.
Nowadays many semi-empirical methods are used to introduce a proposition to evaluate the liquefaction’s potential using the in-situ test results. The objective of this paper is to study and compare the results of this semi-empirical methods and the numerical modelling results using the finite element methods.
The study is based on the data of the Pressuremeter test which be correlated to the Standard Penetrometer Test using the experimental results of the Casablanca-Tangier High-Speed Line exactly between PK 116 + 450 and PK 116 + 950 and near of Moulay Bousselham city. It belongs to the Drader- Soueir basin region which is located in the North-West of Morocco.
This region had a specific soil’s formation, the first 50 m are characterized by the existence of sand layers alternating with layers of clay. These formations are very loose and saturated which suggests the possibility of soil liquefaction.
We present and discuss the results of applying the Idriss method and the Youd method in the evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility.
Apart from the previous empirical analysis to evaluate the liquefaction potential, numerical modelling is performed in this study.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pecker, A.: Livre de Dynamique des sols, Presse de l’école nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (1984)
An Introductory QUAKE/W Example, GEO-SLOPE International Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. www.geo-slope.com
Borowiec, A., Maciejewski, K.: Assessment of Susceptibility to Liquefaction of Saturated Road Embankment Subjected to Dynamic Loads Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, Vol. XXXVI, No. 1 (2014) https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2014-0002
Arab, A., Sadek, M., Shahrour, I.: Influence de la densité relative sur la résistance au cisaillement cyclique des sables. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 149, 02034, CMSS-2017 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902034
Boulanger, R.W., Idriss, I.M.: State normalization of penetration resistance and the effect of overburden stress on liquefaction resistance. In: Proceedings, 11th International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering and 3rd International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA (2004)
Boulanger, R.W.: High overburden stress effects in liquefaction analyses. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 129(12), 1071–1082 (2003)
Castelli, F., Cavallaro, A., Grasso, S., Maugeri, M.: Soil liquefaction and risk analysis from in situ tests for the city of Trapani (Italy). In: Fourth International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (2001)
Castelli, F., Lentini, V.: SPT-based evaluation of soil liquefaction risk. In: Fifth International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (2010)
Zhang, G., Robertson, P.K., Brachman, R.W.I.: Estimating liquefaction-induced lateral displacements using the standard penetration test or cone penetration test, Project Engineer, EBA Engineering Consultants Ltd., 14940-123 Ave., Edmonton AB, Canada T5 V 1B4. J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng. © ASCE (2004)
Golesorkhi, R.: Factors influencing the computational determination of earthquake-induced shear stresses in sandy soils. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 395 p. (1989)
Gonin, H., Vandangeon, P., Lafeuillade, M.-P.: Etude sur les corrélations entre le standard et le pressiomètre penetration test, Rev. Franç. Géotech. ho 58, pp. 67–78 fianvier L992
Idriss, I.M., Boulanger, R.W.: Semi-empirical procedures for evaluating liquefaction potential during earthquakes. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 26(2006), 115–130 (2004)
Idriss, I., Sun, J.: User Manual for SHAKE 91. Technical report, Center for Geotechnical Engineering Modeling, Departament of Civil Engineering, University of California, Davis. U.S.A (1992)
Idriss, I.M.: An update to the Seed-Idriss simplified procedure for evaluating liquefaction potential. In: Proceedings, TRB Workshop on New Approaches to Liquefaction, January, Publication No. FHWA-RD-99- 165. Federal Highway Administration (1999)
Andrade, J.E.: A predictive framework for liquefaction instability. Géotechnique 59(8), 673–682 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.7.00087
Karnik, V.: Seismicity of the European area. Part I., Prague and Dordrecht-Holland, 364 p. (1969)
Kayen, R.E., Mitchell, J.K., Seed, R.B., Lodge, A., Nishio, S., Coutinho, R.: Evaluation of SPT-, CPT-, and shear wave-based methods for liquefaction potential assessment using Loma Prieta data. In: Proceedings, 4th Japan-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake-Resistant Des. of Lifeline Fac. and Countermeasures for Soil Liquefaction, vol. 1, pp. 177–204 (1992)
Kramer, S.L.: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Prentice, Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, pp. 274–275 (1996)
Le règlement de construction parasismique 2000-version 2011, Ministre de l’habitat et la politique de la ville
Liao, S.S.C., Whitman, R.V.: A catalog of liquefaction and Non-liquefaction occurrences During Earthquakes, Department of civil Engineering, Massachusetts institute of technology, Cambridge, MA, 117 p. (1986)
Matasovic, N.: Seismic response of composite horizontally-layered soil deposits. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles (1992)
Bensoula, M., Missoum, H., Bendani, K.: Critical undrained shear strength of loose-medium sand-silt mixtures under monotonic loadings. J. Theor. Appl. Mech. 53(2), 331–344 (2015). https://doi.org/10.15632/jtam-pl.53.2.331
Rahhal, M.E.: Comprendre les méthodes d’évaluation du potentiel de liquéfaction des sols. In: Proceedings of the 4th Canadian Conference on Geohazards: From Causes to Management. Presse de l’Université Laval, Québec, 594 p. (2008)
National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER). In: Youd, T.L., Idriss, I.M. (eds.) Proceedings of the NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils, Technical report NCEER-97-022 (1997)
Newmark, N.M.: A method of computation for structural dynamics. J. Eng. Mech. Div. 85, 67–94 (1959)
Touil, N.: Thèse sous le thème «Analyse expérimentale et numérique du potentiel de liquéfaction des sols sableux de Tanger» Université ABDELMALEK SAADI (2012)
Yagiz, S., Akyol, E., Sen, G.: Relationship between the standard penetration test and the pressuremeter test on sandy silty clays: a case study from Denizli. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 67, 405–410 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-008-0153-2
Ahmad, S., Khan, M.Z., Anwar, A., Mohd, S., Husain, A.: Assessment of Liquefaction Potential of Cohesionless Soil by Semi-Empirical: SPT- Based Procedure, ISSN (Online), vol. 3, Issue 10, pp. 2347–2812 (2015)
Maychou, S.: Étude morphostructurale et cartographie SIG du Rharb Septentrional et du Prérif (Maroc). Analyse sismotectonique et modélisation de la déformation de la région de Moulay Bousselham, 2009, l’Université Chouaïb Doukkali et L’Université Bordeaux 1
Seed, B., Idriss, I.M.: Ground motions and soils liquefaction during earthquakes. Technical report, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (1982)
Seed, H.B., Idriss, I.M.: Simplified procedure for evaluating soil Liquefaction potential. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE 97(SM9), 1249–1273 (1971)
Touijrate, S., Baba, K., Ahatri, M., Bahi, L.: Validation and verification of semi-empirical methods for evaluating liquefaction using finite element method. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 149, CMSS-2017 02028 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902028
Cherkaoui, T.-E., Asebriy, L.: Le risque sismique dans le Nord du Maroc, Trav. Inst. Sci. Rabat, sér. Géol. & Géogr. phys., n° 21, pp. 225–232 (2003)
Terzaghi et Peck: Mécanique des sols appliquée aux travaux publics et aux bâtiments. Dunod, Paris (1961)
Youd, T., Idriss, I.M., Andrus, R.D., Arango, I., Castro, G., Chistian, J.T.: Liquefaction resistance of soils: summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshop on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils. J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng. ASCE, 127(10) (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Touijrate, S., Baba, K., Ahatri, M., Bahi, L. (2019). The Liquefaction Potential of Sandy Silt Layers Using the Correlation Between Penetrometer Test and SPT Test. In: Choudhury, D., El-Zahaby, K., Idriss, I. (eds) Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction for Sustainable Infrastructures. GeoMEast 2018. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01920-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01920-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01919-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01920-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)