Analysis of Energy Security Provision in the European Countries

Kharlamova, Ganna; Stavytskyy, Andriy; Chernyak, Oleksandr

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01878-8_10

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Abstract

In this paper, different approaches to understanding the concept of “energy security” were considered through the prism of factors that affect its level and methods of its evaluation. An assessment of the energy security level was conducted based on the Shannon-Wiener index for 15 countries in Europe (Austria, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, Norway, Poland, Ukraine, Switzerland, and Sweden) in the period 1985–2014. The impact of fuel prices, in particular, oil and natural gas, on the level of energy security in these countries have been researched. The grouping of these countries into clusters was carried out on the basis of the calculated value of the Shannon-Wiener index. As the structure of energy consumption in Austria, Greece, Norway, and Poland is diverse, that is, they consume different sources of energy (oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power plants, renewable energy) in a more even way than those that have fallen into other clusters. In addition, the prediction of the level of energy security (the Shannon-Wiener index) was calculated for Ukraine by classical forecasting methods, the Holt-Winters method, using the Hodrick–Prescott filter, simple linear regression, and using trend lines. An absolute majority of forecasts have shown that Ukraine’s energy security level will slightly increase from its current level in 2015–2017. It says there is no reason to talk about sufficient improvement of the diversification of resource supply.

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Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
Ganna Kharlamova, Andriy Stavytskyy & Oleksandr Chernyak

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Ganna Kharlamova
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Andriy Stavytskyy
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Oleksandr Chernyak
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Correspondence to Ganna Kharlamova .

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Faculty of Economic Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
Ramona Orăștean
Faculty of Economic Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
Claudia Ogrean
Faculty of Economic Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
Silvia Cristina Mărginean

Appendix 1

Shannon-Wiener index of European countries in 1985–2014

Year	Austria	Great Britain	Greece	Ireland	Spain	Italy	The Netherlands
1985	0.002	0.194	0.010	0.009	0.228	0.065	0.063
1986	0.002	0.187	0.010	0.009	0.259	0.073	0.075
1987	0.002	0.180	0.010	0.009	0.267	0.010	0.057
1988	0.002	0.194	0.010	0.009	0.291	0.008	0.059
1989	0.002	0.209	0.010	0.009	0.292	0.008	0.062
1990	0.006	0.202	0.010	0.009	0.333	0.036	0.069
1991	0.006	0.208	0.010	0.010	0.328	0.036	0.062
1992	0.006	0.221	0.010	0.010	0.284	0.040	0.072
1993	0.006	0.241	0.013	0.011	0.307	0.041	0.075
1994	0.006	0.244	0.012	0.012	0.312	0.009	0.060
1995	0.007	0.246	0.012	0.011	0.292	0.040	0.078
1996	0.007	0.248	0.012	0.013	0.297	0.043	0.081
1997	0.007	0.258	0.012	0.020	0.291	0.044	0.067
1998	0.007	0.261	0.014	0.028	0.298	0.048	0.085
1999	0.007	0.260	0.018	0.028	0.303	0.052	0.087
2000	0.006	0.247	0.028	0.032	0.312	0.055	0.091
2001	0.007	0.255	0.039	0.034	0.323	0.060	0.092
2002	0.007	0.259	0.037	0.035	0.333	0.066	0.097
2003	0.008	0.262	0.046	0.037	0.339	0.072	0.097
2004	0.009	0.255	0.047	0.046	0.346	0.079	0.104
2005	0.011	0.266	0.053	0.068	0.346	0.082	0.122
2006	0.012	0.263	0.058	0.077	0.360	0.088	0.120
2007	0.014	0.252	0.062	0.087	0.358	0.092	0.124
2008	0.014	0.241	0.073	0.105	0.390	0.101	0.140
2009	0.013	0.291	0.082	0.123	0.419	0.113	0.150
2010	0.013	0.280	0.088	0.117	0.464	0.131	0.144
2011	0.013	0.351	0.111	0.162	0.453	0.168	0.158
2012	0.012	0.340	0.142	0.163	0.482	0.208	0.163
2013	0.015	0.370	0.174	0.173	0.505	0.232	0.153
2014	0.016	0.394	0.192	0.188	0.508	0.255	0.170

Year	Germany	Norway	Poland	Ukraine	Finland	France	Switzerland	Sweden
1985	0.283	0.006	0.010	0.165	0.336	0.370	0.289	0.372
1986	0.271	0.006	0.010	0.143	0.334	0.373	0.294	0.376
1987	0.280	0.006	0.010	0.156	0.333	0.374	0.289	0.376
1988	0.291	0.007	0.010	0.194	0.333	0.375	0.290	0.377
1989	0.302	0.007	0.010	0.189	0.330	0.376	0.291	0.376
1990	0.300	0.065	0.011	0.187	0.462	0.388	0.320	0.424
1991	0.289	0.033	0.011	0.196	0.466	0.412	0.307	0.414
1992	0.299	0.033	0.014	0.209	0.472	0.389	0.300	0.428
1993	0.310	0.034	0.014	0.233	0.491	0.388	0.301	0.431
1994	0.293	0.036	0.014	0.242	0.477	0.389	0.322	0.429
1995	0.296	0.037	0.014	0.254	0.489	0.389	0.319	0.434
1996	0.298	0.037	0.014	0.275	0.479	0.388	0.336	0.425
1997	0.311	0.031	0.016	0.278	0.505	0.389	0.319	0.440
1998	0.315	0.033	0.017	0.278	0.523	0.390	0.316	0.441
1999	0.326	0.035	0.016	0.268	0.533	0.390	0.317	0.442
2000	0.338	0.039	0.017	0.277	0.528	0.391	0.323	0.467
2001	0.344	0.038	0.018	0.275	0.514	0.392	0.322	0.458
2002	0.360	0.038	0.019	0.280	0.513	0.393	0.339	0.472
2003	0.372	0.054	0.020	0.282	0.498	0.395	0.355	0.467
2004	0.392	0.057	0.024	0.291	0.524	0.396	0.346	0.502
2005	0.405	0.066	0.030	0.295	0.540	0.397	0.318	0.514
2006	0.419	0.077	0.035	0.296	0.529	0.402	0.350	0.520
2007	0.437	0.086	0.041	0.302	0.529	0.411	0.353	0.539
2008	0.447	0.088	0.051	0.300	0.548	0.418	0.353	0.554
2009	0.449	0.083	0.065	0.312	0.540	0.428	0.311	0.570
2010	0.454	0.088	0.074	0.313	0.541	0.371	0.350	0.563
2011	0.467	0.103	0.089	0.309	0.559	0.446	0.360	0.594
2012	0.468	0.108	0.107	0.320	0.586	0.462	0.346	0.614
2013	0.464	0.119	0.108	0.324	0.597	0.467	0.370	0.612
2014	0.486	0.130	0.120	0.354	0.608	0.472	0.386	0.615

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Kharlamova, G., Stavytskyy, A., Chernyak, O. (2018). Analysis of Energy Security Provision in the European Countries. In: Orăștean, R., Ogrean, C., Mărginean, S. (eds) Innovative Business Development—A Global Perspective. IECS 2018. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01878-8_10

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01878-8_10
Published: 14 November 2018
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01877-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01878-8
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Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Shannon-Wiener index of European countries in 1985–2014

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