Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting people worldwide. Since the reasons for Parkinson’s disease are still unknown and currently there is no cure for the disease, the management of the disease is directed towards handling of the underlying symptoms with antiparkinson medications. In this paper, we present a method for visualization of the patients’ overall status and their antiparkinson medications therapy. The purpose of the proposed visualization method is multi-fold: understanding the clinicians’ decisions for therapy modifications, identification of the underlying guidelines for management of Parkinson’s disease, as well as identifying treatment differences between groups of patients. The resulting patterns of disease progression show that there are differences between male and female patients.
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Notes
- 1.
The visualization method is closely related to the PPMI data and the cluster label results from [22]. As the permission to use the PPMI data can be obtained only from www.ppmi-info.org/data, we cannot share the complete solution but the code is available upon request to the first author of the paper.
- 2.
A skip gram, e.g., a d-skip-n-gram, is a sequence of n items (disease progression phases, in our case), which are not necessarily consecutive, but gaps of up to d intermediate items are tolerated. The advantage of skip-grams over ordinary n-grams is that they are more noise tolerant and offer stronger statistical support for possibly interrupted sequence patterns.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the PD_manager project, funded within the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 grant 643706. We acknowledge also the support of the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding program P2-0103 and project P2-0209).
Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Parkinsons Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) (www.ppmi-info.org/data). For up-to-date information on the study, visit www.ppmi-info.org. PPMI—a public-private partnership—is funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and funding partners. Corporate Funding Partners: AbbVie, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Biogen, BioLegend, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GE Healthcare, GLAXOSMITHKLINE (GSK), Eli Lilly and Company, Lundbeck, Merck, Meso Scale Discovery (MSD), Pfizer Inc, Piramal Imaging, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Servier, Takeda, Teva, UCB. Philanthropic Funding Partners: Golub Capital. List of funding partners can be also found at www.ppmi-info.org/fundingpartners.
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Valmarska, A., Miljkovic, D., Robnik–Šikonja, M., Lavrač, N. (2018). Visualization and Analysis of Parkinson’s Disease Status and Therapy Patterns. In: Soldatova, L., Vanschoren, J., Papadopoulos, G., Ceci, M. (eds) Discovery Science. DS 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11198. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01771-2_30
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01771-2_30
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