Abstract
We outline here the feasibility of coherently utilising tissue conduction for spatial audio and tactile input. Tissue conduction display-specific compositional concerns are discussed; it is hypothesised that the qualia available through this medium substantively differ from those for conventional artificial means of appealing to auditory spatial perception. The implications include that spatial music experienced in this manner constitutes a new kind of experience, and that the ground rules of composition are yet to be established. We refer to results from listening experiences with one hundred listeners in an unstructured attribute elicitation exercise, where prominent themes such as “strange”, “weird”, “positive”, “spatial” and “vibrations” emerged. We speculate on future directions aimed at taking maximal advantage of the principle of multimodal perception to broaden the informational bandwidth of the display system. Some implications for composition for hearing-impaired are elucidated.
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Appendix A. – Transcribed Comments of 100 Participants
Appendix A. – Transcribed Comments of 100 Participants
Comments | Age | Sex | Mus. | Occupation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Works better than expected, what about VR/AR | 40 | M | N | Engineer |
Very faint, weird sensation, especially with sensor under chin, crazy sensation after removal of head gear | 26 | F | N | Lecturer |
Was an interesting experience, as someone with moderate hearing loss I could hear quite clearly. I was surprised how much conduction through the chin helped to amplify the sound | 27 | M | Y | Lecturer |
Muddy sound, was the music recording professional quality? Difficult to get into it in current surroundings, fun though | 39 | M | Y | Tech |
Absolutely amazing! | 46 | M | N | Send. Eng. |
A bit band limited but still pretty good, very immersive, localisation a bit smeared, needed to close my eyes | 56 | M | Y | Snd. Eng. |
Doesn’t surprise me in concept but surreal and interesting to use plus clarity of sound and positioning was interesting | 31 | F | Y | Studio Eng. |
Subtle… interesting to see better coupling and more volume | 37 | M | N | Programmer |
Uncanny, ethereal | 39 | F | Y | Comms. |
Very surprised by HF extension plus “large soundstage”. Easy to forget you’re not listening to headphones, especially with the ear plugs installed | 32 | M | Y | Aud. Eng. |
Spatial feel without traditional ‘stereo’ L/R fatigue. Felt as inner-head frontal image, not to external. Could clearly hear ‘wet’ recording, wanted to hear clean ones to see what it could do | 37 | M | Y | IT Dir. |
This is something I am recently aware of. I look forward to exploring more. I’m interested in products that use this methodology. More awareness of the phenomena would be helpful to my industry and its products | 42 | M | U | Audio |
Found this really affective, for localising sounds in a multi-channel (surround) experience. the extra conductor was especially effective at the back of the head and enhanced low frequency content substantially | 25 | M | U | Audio Eng. |
Amazing!! Also the fact that you interact using the extra conductor. Please get my contact for further info. I want to explore this to add to the VR experience I plan to develop | 41 | M | U | Student |
Very interesting research project, demo quite effective – much to my surprise! Keep up the good work | 64 | M | U | Audio Eng. |
More higher quality than expected. Felt tightness of headset could be improved. Would love to try to image in a quiet room | 27 | M | Y | Audio Sales |
Immersive experience. New way of listening. If somehow could be integrated with VR it would be cool | U | U | U | U |
Enjoyed it a lot. Would have been nice if musical part went on longer or an orchestra would play to “show” that you can feel like you’re in the concert hall | U | U | U | U |
Did not realise sound was not coming through Ears!. Eerie sound, first thoughts remind you of the sound of a gramophone | 27 | M | Y | Comms Eng. Drummer |
Variety of sounds, running water, children playing, oriental female voice, cello, propeller aeroplane, running water etc. etc. Very clearly definable sounds, even at low level. Having suffered with temporary hearing-loss as a child, no surprise to “hear” via the skull – but very interesting to experience the clarity | 57 | M | N | Tech solutions |
Good to give life to older gritty credibility to the pre-digital finds “Olderworldie”. Good to know that not relying on air-borne sound via the ears is not the only methodology that will be condoned; a more “even” field in my perception (which is the “reality” for me – a very subjective thing is aural perception even if it is sent by digital accuracy and time line-up displays) Good to know that neck-transducers could be hidden from view under a shirt collar. (the “pride” factor of the hearing impaired person is still a very reluctant factor – people don’t want others treating them as 2nd class citizens because of an impairment. “I know its only rock an roll, but I liked it” (I just didn’t like being deaf!!) | 60 | M | Y | Mentor coach |
Fascinating – would be better in a quiet environment but impressive | 53 | M | N | Lecturer |
Unusual sensation of vibration on head. Sound is lacking in HF detail. Got clearer toward the end of recordings/ | 30 | M | N | Lecturer |
Visceral; immersive “sound” experience. Dull with not much LF either but the vibrations making/shift the experience to something “other” than typical listening. Hand on ear plugs – altered negatively | 38 | M | Y | Sound |
Very surreal distant sounding. Passing sounds such as the train and plane felt closer and move forward. The higher sounds such as water (?) felt harder to make out. Fidelity sometimes felt lost when many sounds were overlapped. As strange as it sounds it was like a memory or dream of a sound | 30 | M | N | Snd. Eng. |
Immersive. Almost noises in your head as you were aware your ears were covered, but as you still “heard” the sounds, you were aware your ears were still in use. The true source was only made aware at loud points when you felt the transducers vibrate, not totally dissimilar to the Jecklin float “no contact” headphones | 41 | M | N | Snd. Eng. |
Could be louder. Sounded good. I would like to try quieter environment to see how good the quality is | 55 | M | N | Snd. Eng. |
A unique experience – almost like the audio version VR. It provides a more intimate experience than headset | 59 | M | Y | Editor |
Very interesting like nothing I’ve ever tried before, amazing | 18 | M | Y | Apprentice |
It felt really strange and when the headset vibrated on my head | 20 | M | Y | Student |
Very spatial experience. Far more effective than ‘3D’ stereo headphones etc. Lacking low frequency depth somewhat. Surprisingly clear and loud given ambient noise | 33 | M | N | Draftsman |
Occasionally you could feel the deeper sounds as physical vibrations especially in the front central point. The higher sounds like bird song were easier to pick up what direction it was coming from. The music sounded better than it would through regular headphones as you felt surrounded by the sound as you would in a realistic setting of an orchestra | 18 | F | Y | Student |
Unusual feeling. Almost feels like it’s coming through your ears due to ear plugs. Vibrations felt for higher pitches – front and back left during train whistle and plane. When plane flies overhead the vibration moves from front to back as though flying over | 24 | F | Y | LAMDA student |
Very interesting! Doesn’t really feel like it came from the skull. But the sound was very clear. Guess it would be awesome for listening to psychedelic music | 24 | F | Y | Student |
A completely bizarre experience, so glad I did it! Its extraordinary technology and so impressive. It’s definitely not what I was expecting. It really is technology of the future and I wish you the best of luck with future development | 19 | M | Y | Student |
It’s actually 3D sound, from all around and above. It felt like it was coming from my ears but more pure | 18 | M | Y | Student |
Literally burst out laughing out of the fact this is truly incredible! | 25 | M | N | Snd. Eng. |
Like nothing I’ve ever experienced before! Absolutely incredible!!! | 16 | F | N | Student |
So amazing, deeper sounds had more clarity | 16 | F | N | Student |
Sound was very clear and you could even feel some of the lesser bass sounds | 16 | M | Y | Student |
Very unusual sonic experience. It felt like a mono soundscape but with a strange depth, a “spatial-mono” (I know it doesn’t make much sense, but it was that unusual!!) Frequency range was not very wide. Dynamic range not that wide either | 50 | M | Y | Composer |
Sounded slightly “muffled” some spatial “separation” but not dramatic | 62 | M | Y | Con. Producer |
Would have been good to compare with the same source through ears! Interesting though – just hope I’m never deaf | 61 | F | N | Accounts |
Very quiet, the low flying sound was clearest. The vibrations were quite strange and difficult to get used to. Very cool though! | 22 | F | N | Marketing |
Very strange as I could feel vibrating on the back of my head, plus the fact I could hear without my ears | 21 | M | N | Student |
I enjoyed the vibrations on the pressure points. Sound has remarkable stereo/surround perception. With ear plugs in, it felt like listening to headphones. A pleasant experience | 37 | M | Y | Equipment sales |
Very left heavy, generally inside head, a little outside | 36 | M | Y | Rec. Eng. |
Loved the vibrations of the aeroplane flying over. and in general how the sound felt all around. Thanks! | 28 | M | N | Theatre |
Soft bird sounds – different birds getting slowly louder. Move onto classical music- very clear sound. Next train/train whistle, was there a voice to? Some vibration felt – bit weird. Sound quietening down like how it started | 46 | F | N | Administrator |
Feels slightly odd at first but great idea and execution | 16 | M | N | U |
Music feels a lot more comfortable than sound FX. dramatic increases in volume can be quite surprising but I got used to it | 16 | M | Y | U |
Surprised at the definition, clarity plus frequency range – very “natural” feeling | 44 | M | N | Editor |
Very clear and crisp sound. it felt like was immersed within the sound field | 36 | M | Y | Snd. Eng. |
Great adventure, very interesting work, can see it in VR as having future. Would be delighted to hear about it more and be connected | 25 | F | U | Designer |
Mind-blowing and confusing… felt like I was there | 46 | M | N | Design Eng. |
Great sensorial experience. Interesting concept especially for the 3D audio image | 24 | M | Y | Snd. Eng. |
Interesting idea. Not very comfortable after a while. Little bit distortion on high volumes | 22 | M | Y | Snd. Eng. |
Amazing the way it works. Inspired thinking of ways to implement technology. (good dynamics) Sounded like coming from ears, not full range spectrum. (Could hear heartbeat because of the ear plugs) | 50 | M | U | Snd. Eng. |
Amazing technology | 27 | F | Y | Student |
Very interesting, new experience of sound. Vibrations feel slightly unusual but also add a new dimension to the sound experience. Very cool | 23 | M | Y | DJ |
I can feel it tingling in a pleasant way when the train sounded particularly vibrated to my head. I read about a Neuro-phone many years ago and imagine sound is conducted that method? The rain forest, birds, foreign landscape all felt vey spacious, the piano felt lonely and shrill | 40+ | F | U | Artist |
Pretty impressed. At the beginning I heard the ‘noises’ in a park etc. and I could not feel any vibrations until the cello in ‘Nothing else Matters’. Felt the vibrations the most when the women talked | 34 | M | Y | Event manager |
I felt good surround feeling. Sounds were quite clear. I did not realise where the sound came from. So quiet hard to describe where the sound source is. At some point where the music got loud, you feel the vibration when the level is low, I felt like hearing with my ears | 34 | M | Y | Event manager |
Incredible new way of listening, great clarity. Felt strange. Vibration with the plane recording. Sometimes quiet | 22 | M | Y | Snd Tech |
Audio panorama seemed interesting. Was a little faint with background noise from show. Was curious as to what was actually happening with head sensors | 66 | M | Y | Music educator |
Weird but interesting | U | M | U | Student |
A surreal auditory experience with lots of depth | 28 | M | N | Manager |
Much improved HF response compared to other systems. Would like to hear in a quieter environment | 48 | M | Y | Acoustic engineer |
Incredible feeling, not sure how this would work in a commercial environment but in education/or therapy could be a very intuitive tool. It all sounds a bit ‘tinny’ but heard the different sounds/effects | 51 | M | Y | Pro audio sales |
Very curious experience, can’t understand the meaning of it | U | U | U | U |
I found this experiment very interesting as musician. I been always thought ears are the only source to hear, but this test shows we hear even by our head. All the best | 42 | M | Y | Music producer |
Really impressed by the current frequency response that already existing, will be very original with the advances | 28 | M | U | Electronic engineer |
Good idea, find uses for it. Good luck | 51 | M | U | Electronic engineer |
‘Therapy’ | U | U | U | U |
I felt rippling nerve? Effects over my scalp (random from playback). Sample piece was very quiet and almost non present in right ear until gain was adjusted. I noticed ‘FX’ send had a high pass effect | 50 | M | U | Sound composer |
I want one! Maybe adding a subwoofer to the experience would be interesting | 25 | M | N | Sound design |
Very strange experience, almost like you are in a dream state | 19 | M | N | Tech director |
Very weird sensation | 17 | M | N | Student |
Interesting, different experience. Sound quality? | 36 | M | Y | U |
It’s a wonderful experience, really like the sound technique. Excellent | 33 | M | Y | Business |
Sounds like audio coming from inside head rather than ears. Slight tickling on head, very pleasurable. A little bass light | 43 | M | Y | U |
Very interesting, I could hear the music clearly enough. I hope this gets developed for the people who might need it | 33 | M | N | AV Tech |
Extremely interesting! Thanks for the demo! | 31 | M | Y | U |
Really interesting, I look forward to using it in a few years. Thanks | 51 | M | U | Sound engineer |
A new way of surround. It feels like surround sound is nothing compared to this. You can also feel the vibrations from the surroundings | 31 | M | N | Sound engineer |
Strange, but a real new experience. Very nice, clear sound | 38 | M | N | Audio rental |
Amazing technology. I can imagine it could be used in covert ops, e.g. SAS. Would be nice not to hear others music on the train too! | 27 | M | N | Importer |
Very interesting. Quite relaxing as the sound is heard first and then you get a head massage! Similar to airborne sound but lacking high frequency content. Very good ambient sound | 45 | M | Y | Dpt. Engineer |
Really amazing to feel and sense the music and sounds around you without actual sound ‘in ears’. The spikes, high levels vibrate against your skull and this gives sense, but interesting to hear without your ears!! | 40 | M | Y | Music manager |
Very interesting concept- would like to use it in conjunction with IEMs. Good luck with the project | 62 | M | Y | Company manager |
Very different from normal hearing, but very audible, ‘sounds inside my head ‘. Very little treble and low bass | U | U | U | U |
Great bit of research.. Very surreal | 37 | M | U | Operations director |
Felt/sounded just like it would if wearing headphones. Had to remind myself that sound was actually coming through my head, because the experience was so similar | 34 | F | U | Actress |
Incredibly odd. Felt both normal but not at the same time. Very relaxing | 16 | F | U | Student |
Awesome trip. Great experience. I hope to see more about this tech | U | U | U | U |
Although the sound was still ‘one sided ‘ to a certain degree I felt for the first time that I was immersed in a soundscape and that my hearing loss was not making me lose out on part of the effect. The train in particular really felt 360, especially with the chin transducer on my right cheek bone | 36 | F | U | Stage manager |
Felt physical vibrations from head contacts. Would like to have heard headphone comparison. Range seemed to be around 900 hz–4000 kh, but experience was from ear canal directly. Also feel slightly nauseous? | 45 | M | Y | Sound engineer |
It is quite an interesting if somewhat confusing sensation. Hearing without hearing. I had not expected the level of clarity achieved, being able to pick out changes in the soundscape and individual notes in the Chopin piece | 28 | M | U | Production manager |
In the beginning I felt it’s going to fall off my head until I made myself sure it’s the vibrations only. Also at some point I was trying to locate the sound in using my ears, and it was confusing. It’s quite interesting experience, the sound felt quite natural. Wasn’t sure how very reproduced it felt | 21 | F | N | Student |
An amazing experience, hope it can help deaf people | 44 | F | N | Interior designer |
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Lennox, P., McKenzie, I., Brown, M. (2018). Feel It in My Bones: Composing Multimodal Experience Through Tissue Conduction. In: Aramaki, M., Davies , M., Kronland-Martinet, R., Ystad, S. (eds) Music Technology with Swing. CMMR 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11265. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01692-0_24
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