Skip to main content

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Creativity in the Recording Studio

Part of the book series: Leisure Studies in a Global Era ((LSGE))

  • 547 Accesses

Abstract

On a wintery evening in November 1966, The Beatles arrived at EMI’s Abbey Road to begin work on what would become ‘Strawberry Fields Forever’ (1967). Over the course of four weeks, The Beatles recorded a further 25 takes each with a different approach, or an alternate arrangement, sometimes at different tempos or even in different musical keys. In doing so, John Lennon and George Martin were appraising each of the track’s alternative takes, selecting some performances over others. This chapter briefly outlines the theoretical framework used throughout this book to explore the creative process of commercial record production and presents the idea that creativity occurs through the interaction between an agent, a knowledge system and their related social context (Csikszentmihalyi 1997). Creative products, such as records, are therefore result of a creative system in action (McIntyre 2012).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    These ideas are explored in more depth in the following chapter.

References

  • Bates, E. (2008). Social Interactions, Musical Arrangement, and the Production of Digital Audio in İstanbul Recording Studios. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, A. A. (1995). The Essentials of Mass Communication Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Boden, M. (2004). The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). Society, Culture and Person: A Systems View of Creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The Nature of Creativity: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives (pp. 325–329). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. New York: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Wolfe, R. (2000). New Conceptions and Research Approaches to Creativity: Implications for a Systems Perspective of Creativity in Education. In K. A. Heller, et al. (Eds.), International Handbook of Giftedness and Talent (2nd ed., pp. 81–93). Oxford: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, J. (1996). Down Into the Fire: A Case Study of a Popular Music Recording Session. Perfect Beat: The Pacific Journal of Research into Contemporary Music and Popular Culture, 5(3), 63–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gracyk, T. (1996). Rhythm and Noise an Aesthetic of Rock. London: I.B.Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennion, A. (1990). The Production of Success: An Anti-musicology of the Pop Song. In S. Frith & A. Goodwin (Eds.), On Record: Rock, Pop and the Written Word (pp. 185–206). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennion, A. (2005). The Pragmatics of Taste. In M. Jacobs & N. Hanrahan (Eds.), The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Culture (pp. 131–144). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kerrigan, S. (2013). Accommodating Creative Documentary Practice Within a Revised Systems Model of Creativity. Journal of Media Practice, 14(2), 111–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koestler, A. (1975). The Act of Creation (2nd ed.). New York: Dell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefford, M. N., & Thompson, P. (2018, June 15). Naturalistic Artistic Decision-Making and Metacognition in the Music Studio. Cognition, Technology and Work [Special issue ‘Naturalistic Decision Making: Navigating Uncertainty in Complex Sociotechnical Work’], pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0497-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewisohn, M. (1988). The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions. London: Hamlyn/EMI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G., & Pearson, W. (1994). With a Little Help from my Friends: The Making of Sgt. Pepper. London: Little Brown and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, P. (2008, November). The Systems Model of Creativity: Analyzing the Distribution of Power in the Studio. Journal on the Art of Record Production (3). Available from: http://arpjournal.com/686/the-systems-model-of-creativity-analyzing-the-distribution-of-power-in-the-studio/. Last accessed Feb 2015.

  • McIntyre, P. (2012a). Creativity and Cultural Production: Issues for Media Practice. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, P. (2012b). Rethinking Creativity: Record Production and the Systems Model. In S. Frith & S. Zargorski Thomas (Eds.), The Art of Record Production (pp. 149–161). London: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meintjes, L. (2003). Sound of Africa!: Making Music Zulu in a South African Studio. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, A. F. (1993). Rock: The Primary Text. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moorefield, V. (2005). The Producer as Composer: Shaping the Sounds of Popular Music. London: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrie, D. (1991). Creativity and Constraint in the British Film Industry. London: MacMillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Porcello, T. (2004). Speaking of Sound: Language and the Professionalization of Sound Recording Engineers. Social Studies of Science, 34, 733–758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rojek, C. (2011). Pop Music, Pop Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, K. (Ed.). (2006). Group Creativity: Musical Performance and Collaboration. Psychology of Music, 34(2), 148–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, P. (2016). Scalability of the Creative System in the Recording Studio. In P. McIntyre, J. Fulton, & E. Paton (Eds.), The Creative System in Action: Understanding Cultural Production and Practice (pp. 74–86). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vignolle, J. (1980). Melange des Genres, Alchimie Sociale: La Production des Disques de Varietes. Sociologie du Travail, 22(2), 129–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P. (2000). A Terrible Beauty: A History of the People and Ideas that Shaped the Modern Mind. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicke, P. (1990). Rock Music: Culture, Aesthetics and Sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, A. (2010, December 3–5). Celluloid Heroes: Fictional Truths of Recording Studio Practice on Film. In Proceedings of the 2010 Art of Record Production Conference. UK: Leeds Metropolitan University. Available from: http://arpjournal.com/1412/celluloid-heroes-fictional-truths-of-recording-studio-practice-on-film/. Last accessed Oct, 2018.

  • Wolfe, P. (2017). Women in the Studio: Creation, Control and Gender in Popular Music Sound Production. Farnham: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zak, A. (2001). The Poetics of Rock: Cutting Tracks, Making Records. London: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zolberg, V. (1990). Constructing a Sociology of the Arts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Recordings Cited

  • The Beatles. (1967). ‘I Am the Walrus’, ‘Strawberry Fields Forever’, Magical Mystery Tour. Parlophone.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Beatles. (1996). Anthology 2. Apple.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Wailers. (1973). Catch a Fire. Island.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Thompson, P. (2019). Introduction. In: Creativity in the Recording Studio. Leisure Studies in a Global Era. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01650-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01650-0_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01649-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01650-0

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics