Abstract
The friction stir welding process involves a highly complex microstructure evolution. This makes it very difficult to derive intricate relationships among operating conditions , in-process variables and characteristics of welds, and utilise the relationships into modelling, monitoring and optimal design of operating conditions . In this research, a heuristic optimisation paradigm Reduced Space Searching Algorithm, combined with soft-computing-based modelling and data analysis techniques, is employed to solve the problem. The research investigates an aluminium alloy AA5083 and includes three facets of research: first, developing a weld quality indicator that can provide a reliable indication of ‘as-welded’ defects for an online monitoring system; second, generating accurate and interpretable prediction models for both internal process attributes and post-weld properties; third, finding optimal operating conditions to enhance welding productivity, process reliability and cost efficiency.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Thomas, W. M., Nicholas, E. D., Needham, J. C., Murch, M. G., Templesmith, P., & Dawes, C. J. (1991). G.B. Patent Application No. 9125978.8, December 1991.
Nandan, R., DebRoy, T., & Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. (2008). Recent advances in friction stir welding—process, weldment structure and properties. Progress in Materials Science, 53, 980–1023.
Chakraborti, N. (2014). Critical assessment 3: The unique contributions of multi-objective evolutionary and genetic algorithms in materials research. Materials Science and Technology, 30(11), 1259–1262.
Paszkowicz, W. (2013). Genetic algorithms, a nature-inspired tool: A survey of applications in materials science and related fields: Part II. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 28(7), 708–725.
Datta, S., Zhang, Q., Sultana, N., & Mahfouf, M. (2013). Optimal design of titanium alloys for prosthetic applications using a multi-objective based genetic algorithm. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 28(7), 741–745.
Zhang, Q., Mahfouf, M., Yates, J. R., Pinna, C., Panoutsos, G., Boumaiza, S., et al. (2011). Modeling and optimal design of machining-induced residual stresses in aluminium alloys using a fast hierarchical multiobjective optimization algorithm. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26(3), 508–520.
Zhang, Q., & Mahfouf, M. (2009). A modified PSO with a dynamically varying population and its application to the multi-objective optimal design of alloy steels. In Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Cong. on ‘Evolutionary Computation’, Trondheim, Norway (pp. 3241–3248). IEEE.
Tansel, I. N., Demetgul, M., Okuyucu, H., & Yapici, A. (2010). Optimizations of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy by using genetically optimized neural network. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 48, 95–101.
Roshan, S. B., Jooibari, M. B., Teimouri, R., Asgharzadeh-Ahmadi, G., Falahati-Naghibi, M., & Sohrabpoor, H. (2013). Optimization of friction stir welding process of AA7075 aluminum alloy to achieve desirable mechanical properties using ANFIS models and simulated annealing algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 69, 1803–1818.
Parida, B., & Pal, S. (2015). Fuzzy assisted grey Taguchi approach for optimisation of multiple weld quality properties in friction stir welding process. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 20(1), 35–41.
Tutum, C. C., & Hattel, J. H. (2010). Optimization of process parameters in friction stir welding based on residual stress analysis: A feasibility study. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 15(5), 369–377.
Tutum, C. C., Deb, K., & Hattel, J. H. (2013). Multi-criteria optimization in friction stir welding using a thermal model with prescribed material flow. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 28(7), 816–822.
Shojaeefard, M. H., Behnagh, R. A., Akbari, M., Givi, M. K. B., & Farhani, F. (2013). Modelling and Pareto optimization of mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA7075/AA5083 butt joints using neural network and particle swarm algorithm. Materials and Design, 44, 190–198.
Zhang, Q., & Mahfouf, M. (2010). A nature-inspired multi-objective optimisation strategy based on a new reduced space searching algorithm for the design of alloy steels. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 23(5), 660–675.
Zhang, Q., & Mahfouf, M. (2007). A new reduced space searching algorithm (RSSA) and its application in optimal design of alloy steels. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Singapore (pp. 1815–1822).
Zhang, Q., Mahfouf, M., Panoutsos, G., Beamish, K., & Norris, I. (2012a). Knowledge discovery for friction stir welding via data driven approaches: Part 1—correlation analyses of in-process variables and weld quality. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 17(8), 672–680.
Zhang, Q., Mahfouf, M., Panoutsos, G., Beamish, K., & Norris, I. (2012b). Knowledge discovery for friction stir welding via data driven approaches part 2—multiobjective modelling using fuzzy rule based systems. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 17(8), 681–693.
Zhang, Q., Mahfouf, M., Panoutsos, G., Beamish, K., & Liu, X. (2015). Multiobjective optimal design of friction stir welding considering quality and cost issues. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 20(7), 607–615.
El-Danaf, E. A., El-Rayes, M. M., & Soliman, M. S. (2010). Friction stir processing: An effective technique to refine grain structure and enhance ductility. Materials and Design, 31, 1231–1236.
Thomas, W. M., & Gittos, M. F. (1999). Development of friction stir tools for the welding of thick (25 mm) aluminium alloys. TWI Members Report 694/1999, TWI, UK.
Beamish, K. A., & Russell, M. J. (2010). Relationship between the features on an FSW tool and weld microstructure. In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on ‘Friction Stir Welding’, Timmendorfer Strand, Germany.
Mishra, R. S., & Ma, Z. Y. (2005). Friction stir welding and processing. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 50(1–2), 1–78.
Jin, Y., Olhofer, M., & Sendhoff, B. (2001). Dynamic weighted aggregation for evolutionary multi-objective optimization: Why does it work and how? In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (pp. 1042–1049). ACM: San Francisco, USA.
Murata, T., Ishibuchi, H., & Tanaka, H. (1996). Multi-objective genetic algorithm and its applications to flowshop scheduling. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 30(4), 957–968.
Gaafer, A. M., Mahmoud, T. S., & Mansour, E. H. (2010). Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of AA7020-O Al plates joined by friction stir welding. Materials Science and Engineering A, 527, 7424–7429.
Boldsaikhana, E., Corwinb, E. M., Logarb, A. M., & Arbegast, W. J. (2011). The use of neural network and discrete Fourier transform for real-time evaluation of friction stir welding. Applied Soft Computing, 11, 4839–4846.
Lee, B., & Tarng, Y. S. (1999). Application of the discrete wavelet transform to the monitoring of tool failure in end milling using the spindle motor current. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 15(4), 238–243.
Zadeh, L. A. (1973). Outline of a new approach to the analysis of complex systems and decision processes. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 3, 28–44.
Zhang, Q., & Mahfouf, M. (2008). Mamdani-type fuzzy modelling via hierarchical clustering and multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (FM-HCPSO). International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, 4(4), 314–328.
Zhang, Q., & Mahfouf, M. (2011). A hierarchical Mamdani-type fuzzy modelling approach with new training data selection and multi-objective optimisation mechanisms: A special application for the prediction of mechanical properties of alloy steels. Applied Soft Computing, 11(2), 2419–2443.
Hashimoto, T., Jyogan, S., Nakata, K., Kim, Y. G., & Ushio, M. (1999). FSW joints of high strength aluminum alloy. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Ma, Z. Y., Mishra, R. S., & Mahoney, M. W. (2002). Superplastic deformation behaviour of friction stir processed 7075Al alloy. Acta Materialia, 50(17), 4419–4430.
Biallas, G., Braun, R., Donne, C. D., Staniek, G., & Kaysser, W. A. (1999). Mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of friction stir welds. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Zadeh, L. A. (1972). A fuzzy-set-theoretic interpretation of linguistic hedges. Journal of Cybernetics, 2, 4–34.
Chu, T. C., Ranson, W. F., & Sutton, M. A. (1985). Applications of digital-image-correlation techniques to experimental mechanics. Experimental Mechanics, 25(3), 232–244.
Humphreys, F. J., & Hotherly, M. (1995). Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena. New York, USA: Pergamon Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhang, Q., Liu, X. (2019). Optimisation in Friction Stir Welding: Modelling, Monitoring and Design. In: Datta, S., Davim, J. (eds) Optimization in Industry. Management and Industrial Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01641-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01641-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01640-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01641-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)