Abstract
The present mineralogical and chemical related study, as based on a selection of carbonate-rock-deposit samples extracted from South African sites, is aimed to test these materials’ suitability for producing cement, necessary for the achievement of local infrastructure projects. The sites are located on the Rietfontein, Rooikop and Wiedouw farms. The study has been implemented via petrographic, X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Fluorescence techniques. The reached results reveal that the Rietfontein material to be composed of calcrete, while that extracted from the Rooikop site is composed of recycled micrite. At Wiedouw, the carbonate turns out to be a low metamorphic grade marble with classic metamorphic polygonal grains and grain boundaries. The undertaken experiments prove that, thanks to their purity, the selected sites’ available carbonate material is suitable not only for cement manufacture, but also for the production of calcium oxide for use in various industrial processes requiring high-grade lime or limestone. Future development should, therefore, consider exploitation of these deposits as raw material sources fit for cement as well as limestone and lime production. Noteworthy, however, is that while the Wiedouw marble and the Rooikop limestone prove to constitute compact and tough rocks, requiring higher costs for blasting, crushing and grinding for the small quarry, the Rietfontein calcrete turns out to be softer and, therefore, highly preferred in respect of the former two materials.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Senzani, F.E.D., Mulaba-Bafubiandi, A.F.: Semi-quantitative Site Determination of Sites for Artisanal Rock Carbonate Processing Using Qualitative Multifactor Analysis: case Studies—Malawi and South Africa. In press (2018)
Martini, J.E.J.: Limestone and Dolomite Resources of the Republics of South Africa, Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei and Venda. Geological Survey, Department of Mineral an Energy Affairs, Handbook 9. Government Printer, Pretoria, 112p (1987)
Vorster, C.J.: Limestone and Dolomite Deposits of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. SAMINDABA. Council for Geoscience, Pretoria (2003)
ASTM (American Standards Test Methods): Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.01 (Cement, Lime, Gypsum) ASTM. Pasadena, USA (1998)
BGS (British Geological Survey): Mineral profile: cement raw materials. Natural Environment Research Council. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, London, 20p (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Senzani, F.E.D., Mulaba-Bafubiandi, A.F. (2019). Mineralogical and Chemical Comparison of Carbonate From Sites Selected for Artisanal Cement Production With Limestone Used in Commercial Operations. In: Doronzo, D., Schingaro, E., Armstrong-Altrin, J., Zoheir, B. (eds) Petrogenesis and Exploration of the Earth’s Interior. CAJG 2018. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01575-6_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01575-6_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01574-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01575-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)