Abstract
Universities, or higher education institutions (HEIs) in more general, have three main functions: teaching and education, research (research and experimental development, R&D), and the so-called “third mission” activities, for example, innovation (Campbell & Carayannis, 2013b, p. 5). In reference to “arts universities” now, the question and challenge arise, whether to which extent and in which way the arts universities differ from the (more traditional) universities in the sciences. Arts universities obviously place an emphasis on the arts, and the arts are not identical with the sciences. However, also arts universities frequently make references to the sciences; thus also arts universities can express competences in teaching and in carrying out research in the sciences. The other major challenge of arts universities is to engage in “artistic research” and “arts-based innovation.” By this, arts universities (and other higher education institutions in the arts) are also being linked to and are being interlinked with national innovation systems and multilevel innovation systems. This widens the whole interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary spectrum of higher education systems. “Artistic research” furthermore complements the “teaching of arts” at arts universities (see also the propositions formulated by Bast, 2013). Hybrid and innovative combinations of universities of arts and universities of the sciences are possible and indicate organizational opportunities for promoting creativity (Campbell, 2013b).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bast, G. (2013). Preparing a “creative revolution” – arts and universities of the arts in the creative knowledge economy. In E. G. Carayannis (Editor-in-Chief), I. N. Dubina, N. Seel, D. F. J. Campbell, & D. Uzunidis (Associate Editors) (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity, invention, innovation and entrepreneurship (pp. 1471–1476). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_442.
Bast, G., Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (Eds.). (2015). Arts, research, innovation and society. New York, NY: Springer. Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/business+%26+management/technology+management/book/978-3-319-09908-8
Brandenburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1997). Co-opetition. New York, NY: Doubleday.
Bush, V. (1945). Science: The endless frontier. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/nsf50/vbush1945.htm#transmittal
Campbell, D. F. J. (2009). Externe Umwelten. Außensichten auf das iff. In M. Arnold (Ed.). Iff. Interdisziplinäre Wissenschaft im Wandel (pp. 101–134). Vienna, Austria: LIT.
Campbell, D. F. J. (2011). Wissenschaftliche „Parallelkarrieren“ als Chance. Wenn Wissenschaft immer öfter zur Halbtagsbeschäftigung wird, könnte eine Lösung im „Cross-Employment“ liegen. Guest Commentary for DIE PRESSE (February 2, 2011). Retrieved from http://diepresse.com/home/bildung/meinung/635781/Wissenschaftliche-Parallelkarrieren-als-Chance?direct=635777&_vl_backlink=/home/bildung/index.do&selChannel=500
Campbell, D. F. J. (2013). Cross-employment. In E. G. Carayannis (Editor-in-Chief), I. N. Dubina, N. Seel, D. F. J. Campbell, & D. Uzunidis (Associate Editors) (Eds.). Encyclopedia of creativity, invention, innovation and entrepreneurship (pp. 503–508). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_254.
Campbell, D. F. J. (2018). Global quality of democracy as innovation enabler. Measuring democracy for success. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://www.palgrave.com/de/book/9783319725284
Campbell, D. F. J., & Carayannis, E. G. (2012). Lineare und nicht-lineare Knowledge Production: Innovative Herausforderungen für das Hochschulsystem. Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung 7(2), 64–72. Retrieved from http://www.zfhe.at/index.php/zfhe/article/view/448
Campbell, D. F. J., & Carayannis, E. G. (2013a). Quality of democracy and innovation. In E. G. Carayannis (Editor-in-Chief), I. N. Dubina, N. Seel, D. F. J. Campbell, & D. Uzunidis (Associate Editors) (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity, invention, innovation and entrepreneurship (pp. 1527–1534). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_509.
Campbell, D. F. J., & Carayannis, E. G. (2013b). Epistemic governance in higher education. Quality enhancement of universities for development. SpringerBriefs in Business. New York, NY: Springer. Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/business+%26+management/organization/book/978-1-4614-4417-6
Campbell, D. F. J., & Carayannis, E. G. (2013c). Epistemic governance and epistemic innovation policy. In E. G. Carayannis (Editor-in-Chief), I. N. Dubina, N. Seel, D. F. J. Campbell, & D. Uzunidis (Associate Editors) (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity, invention, innovation and entrepreneurship (pp. 697–702). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_271
Campbell, D. F. J., & Carayannis, E. G. (2016a). Epistemic governance and epistemic innovation policy. Technology, Innovation and Education 2, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40660-016-0008-2. Retrieved from http://technology-innovation-education.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40660-016-0008-2
Campbell, D. F. J., & Carayannis, E. G. (2016b). The academic firm: A new design and redesign proposition for entrepreneurship in innovation-driven knowledge economy. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 5(12), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-016-0040-1. Retrieved from http://innovation-entrepreneurship.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13731-016-0040-1
Campbell, D. F. J., Carayannis, E. G., & Rehman, S. S. (2015). Quadruple helix structures of quality of democracy in innovation systems: The USA, OECD countries, and EU member countries in global comparison. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 6(3), 467–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0246-7
Campbell, G. S. (2013b). Speaking pictures: Innovation in fine arts. In E. G. Carayannis (Editor-in-Chief), I. N. Dubina, N. Seel, D. F. J. Campbell, & D. Uzunidis (Associate Editors) (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity, invention, innovation and entrepreneurship (pp. 1716–1722). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_484.
Carayannis, E. G., Barth, T. D., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2012). The Quintuple Helix innovation model: Global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 1(1), 1–12. Retrieved from http://www.innovation-entrepreneurship.com/content/pdf/2192-5372-1-2.pdf
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2006). “Mode 3”: Meaning and implications from a knowledge systems perspective. In E. G. Carayannis & D. F. J. Campbell (Eds.), Knowledge creation, diffusion, and use in innovation networks and knowledge clusters. A comparative systems approach across the United States, Europe and Asia. (pp. 1–25). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Carayannis, E. G., & D. F. J. Campbell (2009). “Mode 3” and “Quadruple Helix”: Toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management 46(3-4), 201–234. Retrieved from http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=27&year=2009&vol=46&issue=3/4 and http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=23374&prevQuery=&ps=10&m=or
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2010). Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix and how do knowledge, innovation and the environment relate to each other? a proposed framework for a trans-disciplinary analysis of sustainable development and social ecology. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1(1), 41–69. Retrieved from https://www.igi-global.com/article/triple-helix-quadruple-helix-quintuple/41959
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2012). Mode 3 knowledge production in quadruple helix innovation systems. 21st-century democracy, innovation, and entrepreneurship for development. SpringerBriefs in Business. New York, NY: Springer. Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/business+%26+management/book/978-1-4614-2061-3
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2014). Developed democracies versus emerging autocracies: Arts, democracy, and innovation in quadruple helix innovation systems. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 3(12), 1–23. Retrieved from http://www.innovation-entrepreneurship.com/content/3/1/12
Carayannis, E. G., Campbell, D. F. J., Rehman, S. S. (2016). Mode 3 knowledge production: Systems and systems theory, clusters and networks. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 5(17), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-016-0045-9. Retrieved from http://innovation-entrepreneurship.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13731-016-0045-9
Carayannis, E. G., Grigoroudis, E., Campbell, D. F. J., Meissner, D., & Stamati, D. (2018a). ‘Mode 3’ universities and academic firms: Thinking beyond the box trans-disciplinarity and nonlinear innovation dynamics within coopetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems. International Journal of Technology Management 77(1-3), 145–185. Retrieved from https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJTM.2018.091714 und https://www.inderscienceonline.com/toc/ijtm/77/1-3
Carayannis, E. G., & Pirzadeh, A. (2014). The knowledge of culture and the culture of knowledge. implications for theory, policy and practice. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.de/The-Knowledge-Culture-Implications-Practice/dp/1403942439/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1403080044&sr=8-1&keywords=carayannis+knowledge+of+culture
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2018). Quadruple and Quintuple Helix innovation systems and mode 3 knowledge 3 production. In E. G. Carayannis, D. F. J. Campbell, & M. P. Efthymiopoulos (Eds.), Handbook of cyber-development, cyber-democracy, and cyber-defense (pp. 9–27). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06091-0
Carayannis, E. G., Grigoroudis, E., Campbell, D. F. J., Meissner, D., & Stamati, D. (2018b). The ecosystem as helix: An exploratory theory-building study of regional co-opetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems as Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation Models. R&D Management, 48(1), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12300
Danilda, I., Lindberg, M., Torstensson, B.-M. (2009). Women resource centres. A quattro helix innovation system on the European Agenda. Paper. Retrieved from http://www.hss09.se/own_documents/Papers/3-11%20-%20Danilda%20Lindberg%20&%20Torstensson%20-%20paper.pdf
De Oliveira Monteiro, S. P., & Carayannis, E. G. (Eds.). (2017). The quadruple innovation helix nexus. A smart growth model, qualitative empirical validation and operationalization for OECD countries. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dubina, I. N., Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2012). Creativity economy and a crisis of the economy? Coevolution of knowledge, innovation, and creativity, and of the knowledge economy and knowledge society. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-011-0042-y
Eigelsreiter, B. (2017). Consumerization of IT, cyber-democracy and cyber-crime: The inherent challenges and opportunities of different ends of a continuum. In E. G. Carayannis, D. F. J. Campbell, & M. P. Efthymiopoulos (Eds.), Handbook of cyber-development, cyber-democracy, and cyber-defense. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06091-0
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: From National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy, 29, 109–123.
European Commission. (2009). The world in 2025. Rising Asia and socio-ecological transition. Brussels, Belgium: Author. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/pdf/the-world-in-2025-report_en.pdf
Fischer-Kowalski, M., & Haberl, H. (Eds.). (2007). Socioecological transitions and global change. Trajectories of social metabolism and land use. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar.
Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., & Trow, M. (1994). The new production of knowledge. The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London, UK: Sage.
Hemlin, S., Allwood, C. M., & Martin, B. R. (2004). Creative knowledge environments. The influences on creativity in research and innovation. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar.
Kaiser, R., & Prange, H. (2004). The reconfiguration of national innovation systems – the example of German biotechnology. Research Policy, 33, 395–408.
Kuhlmann, S. (2001). Future governance of innovation policy in Europe – three scenarios. Research Policy, 30, 953–976.
Laperche, B., & Uzunidis, D. (2018). The knowledge capital of the network firm: Socialization versus business appropriation of scientific work. In G. Bast, E. G. Carayannis, & D. F. J. Campbell (Eds.), The future of education and labor, ARIS Series: Arts, Research, Innovation and Society. New York, NY: Springer.
Leydesdorff, L. (2012). The Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix, …, and an N-tuple of Helices: Explanatory models for analyzing the knowledge-based economy? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-011-0049-4
Lundvall, B.-Å. (Ed.). (1992). National systems of innovation. Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London, UK: Pinter Publishers.
Merz, M., & Sormani, P. (rédacteurs). (2016). The local configuration of new research fields. On regional and national diversity. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Mitterlehner, B. (2014). Cyber-democracy and cybercrime: Two sides of the same coin. In E. G. Carayannis, D. F. J. Campbell, & M. P. Efthymiopoulos (Eds.), Cyber-development, cyber-democracy and cyber-defense. Challenges, opportunities and implications for theory, policy and practice (pp. 207–230). New York, NY: Springer.
Nowotny, H., Scott, P., & Gibbons, M. (2001). Re-thinking science. Knowledge and the public in an age of uncertainty. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
Nowotny, H., Scott, P., & Gibbons, M. (2003). Mode 2 revisited: The new production of knowledge. Minerva, 41, 179–194.
Nowotny, H., Scott, P., & Gibbons, M. (2006). Re-thinking science: Mode 2 in societal context. In E. G. Carayannis & D. F. J. Campbell (Eds.), Knowledge creation, diffusion, and use in innovation networks and knowledge clusters. A comparative systems approach across the United States, Europe and Asia (pp. 39–51). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Park, H. W. (2014). Transition from the Triple Helix to N-Tuple Helices? An interview with Elias G. Carayannis and David F. J. Campbell. Scientometrics 99(1), 203–207. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11192-013-1124-3 and http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/907/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11192-013-1124-3.pdf?auth66=1397308723_4cb0003877af5305d5dc202280b9cd6d&ext=.pdf
Pfeffer, T. (2012). Virtualization of universities. Digital media and the organization of higher education institutions. New York, NY: Springer. Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/business+%26+management/media+management/book/978-1-4614-2064-4
Polanyi, M. (1962). The republic of science: Its political and economic theory. Minerva 1, 54–74. Retrieved from http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/students/envs_5100/polanyi_1967.pdf and http://fiesta.bren.ucsb.edu/~gsd/595e/docs/41.%20Polanyi_Republic_of_Science.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Carayannis, E.G., Campbell, D.F.J. (2019). Innovation Systems in Conceptual Evolution: Mode 3 Knowledge Production in Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation Systems. In: Smart Quintuple Helix Innovation Systems. SpringerBriefs in Business. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01517-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01517-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01516-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01517-6
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)