Abstract
In order to control water pollution of Tai Lake Basin, the Chinese government has implemented a series of economic, technological, and industrial policies during the past decades. This study aims to present the achievements and challenges of water pollution control in the Tai Lake Basin, focusing on the economic policies, such as pollution levy, green credit, ecological compensation, compensated use of pollution discharge rights and pollution discharge rights trading, and environmental pollution liability insurance. The results of this study indicate that China has made great progress of policy design and implementation, especially in Tai Lake Basin. These policies have prevented the deterioration of water quality in Tai Lake. At the same time, further improvements of their implementation are still needed in the future.
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Annexes
Annexes
1.1 Annex 1 Related Policies of Green Credit
Title | Time | Department |
|---|---|---|
Notice on Implementation of Credit Policy and Strengthening of Environmental Protection Works | 1995 | People’s Bank of China (PBC) |
Notice of the General Office of China Banking Regulatory Commission on Regulating the Performance of Duties by Associations of Rural Credit Cooperatives at Provincial Level to Prevent Risks | 2007 | General Office of China Banking Regulatory Commission |
Notice of China Banking Regulatory Commission on Issuing the Guiding Opinions on the Credit Work for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction | 2007 | China Banking Regulatory Commission |
Notice of the China Banking Regulatory Commission on Issuing Green Credit Guidelines | 2012 | China Banking Regulatory Commission |
Guidelines for Establishing the Green Financial System | 2016 | People’s Bank of China; Ministry of Finance; National Development and Reform Commission; Ministry of Environmental Protection; China Banking Regulatory Commission; China Securities Regulatory Commission; China Insurance Regulatory Commission |
Notice of Jiangsu Province on the Relevant Issues Concerning Enterprise Environmental Protection Information Sharing, Credit Risks Prevention and Financial Services Promotion Relating to Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection | 2007 | Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; Bank of China, Nanjing Branch |
Notice of Jiangsu Province on the Implementation of Green Credit Policy and Further Improving Information Sharing | 2009 | Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; Bank of China, Nanjing Branch |
Notice of Jiangsu Province on Jointly Establishing a Mechanism to Share Information of Environmental Trustworthiness in Jiangsu Province | 2013 | Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Economic and Information Technology Commission; China Banking Regulatory Commission |
1.2 Annex 2 Related Policies of Eco-compensation
Title | Time | Department |
|---|---|---|
Guiding Opinions of the State Environmental Protection Administration of China on the Implementation of the Eco-compensation Pilot Program | 2007 | (Former) State Environmental Protection Administration of China |
Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China on Prevention and Disposal of Trans-boundary Water Pollution Disputes | 2008 | Ministry of Environmental Protection of China |
Ecological Compensation Ordinance (Draft) | 2010 | National Development and Reform Commission |
Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Improving the Compensation Mechanism for Ecological Protection | 2016 | General Office of the State Council of China |
Accelerating the Establishment of the Horizontal Compensation Mechanism for Ecological Protection of Drainage Basins Upstream and Downstream | 2016 | Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Environmental Protection; National Development and Reform Commission |
Interim Measures of Jiangsu Province for Eco-compensation Transfer Payments | 2013 | Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province; Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province |
Implementation Measures of Jiangsu Province for Water Environment Regional Compensation (for Trial Implementation) | 2013 | Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province; Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province |
1.3 Annex 3 Related Policies of Pollution Levy
Title | Time | Department |
|---|---|---|
Notice of the State Development Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance on the Collection of Sewage Charges | 1993 | (Former) State Development Planning Commission; Ministry of Finance |
Payment Management Rule for Pollutant Discharge Fees | 2003 | The State Council of China |
Measures for the Administration of the Charging Rates for Pollutant Discharge Fees | 2003 | (Former) State Environmental Protection Administration; (former) State Development Planning Commission; Ministry of Finance; (former) State Economic and Trade Commission |
Administrative Measures for the Collection and Use of Pollutant Discharge Fees | 2003 | (Former) State Environmental Protection Administration; Ministry of Finance |
Notice on the Relevant Issues Concerning Adjusting the Standards for the Collection of Pollutant Charges | 2015 | National Development and Reform Commission; Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Environmental |
Interim Measures of Jiangsu Province for the Collection of Sewage Charges according to Total Emissions of Water Pollutants | 1999 | Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Provincial Price Bureau; Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province |
Interim Measures of Jiangsu Province for the Inspection of the Collection of Pollutant Charges | 2005 | Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province |
Measures of Jiangsu Province for Collecting Sewage Charges on Ammonia Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus Exceeding Environment Standard of Sewage Treatment Units in the Tai Lake Basin | 2008 | Jiangsu Provincial Price Bureau; Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province; Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Provincial Economic and Trade Commission |
Notice of Jiangsu Province on Preparations concerning Verification and Collection of Sewage Charges according to Automatic Monitoring Data of State-controlled (Provincial) Key Water Pollution Sources in the Tai Lake Basin | 2008 | Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of Supervision |
Notice of Jiangsu Province on the Relevant Issues Concerning the Adjustment of the Standards for Collection of Sewage Charges | 2015 | Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Provincial Price Bureau; Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province |
1.4 Annex 4 Related Policies of Compensated Use of Pollution Discharge Rights and Emission Trading
Title | Time | Department |
|---|---|---|
Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Further Advancing the Pilot Work for Compensated Use and Trading of Emission Rights | 2014 | General Office of the State Council of China |
Notice of the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China on Issuing the Interim Measures for the Management of Revenues from the Assignment of Pollutant Discharge Rights | 2015 | Ministry of Finance; National Development and Reform Commission; Ministry of Environmental Protection |
Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Issuing the Implementation Plan for the Permit System for Controlling Pollutants Emission | 2016 | General Office of the State Council of China |
Measures of Jiangsu Province for the Administration of Charging for the Use of Main Water Pollutant Emission Index in the Tai Lake Basin (for Trial Implementation) | 2008 | Jiangsu Provincial Price Bureau; Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province |
Detailed Plan of Jiangsu Province for the Pilot Work for the Compensated Use and Trading of Main Water Pollutant Discharge Rights in the Tai Lake Basin | 2008 | Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Provincial Price Bureau |
Measures of Jiangsu Province for the Administration of Water Pollutant Discharge Permits | 2011 | People’s Government of Jiangsu Province |
Interim Measures of Jiangsu Province for Administration of Pricing in Compensated Use and Trading of Emission Rights | 2016 | Jiangsu Provincial Price Bureau; Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province; Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province |
1.5 Annex 5 Related Policies of Pollution Liability Insurance
Title | Time | Department |
|---|---|---|
Several Opinions of the State Council on the Reform and Development of the Insurance Industry | 2006 | The State Council of China |
Guiding Opinions of the State Environmental Protection Administration of China and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on Environmental Pollution Liability Insurance Work | 2007 | (Former) State Environmental Protection Administration; China Insurance Regulatory Commission |
Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on the Pilot Work for Compulsory Environmental Pollution Liability Insurance | 2013 | Ministry of Environmental Protection; China Insurance Regulatory Commission |
Notice of Jiangsu Province on Issuing the Actively Implementing Liability Insurance for Oil Pollution Damage | 2008 | Marine Affairs Bureau of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Provincial Department of transportation; Administration of Work Safety of Jiangsu Province; Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; China Insurance Regulatory Commission Jiangsu Bureau |
Opinions of Jiangsu Province on Advancing the Pilot Work for Environmental Pollution Liability Insurance | 2010 | Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; China Insurance Regulatory Commission Jiangsu Bureau; Finance Office of Jiangsu Province |
Notice of Jiangsu Province on Issuing the Establishment a Joint Meeting Mechanism for Environmental Pollution Liability Insurance | 2010 | Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province; China Insurance Regulatory Commission Jiangsu Bureau; Finance Office of Jiangsu Province |
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Zhou, Y., Bi, J. (2019). Economic Policies of Water Pollution Control in the Taihu Lake Basin, China. In: Köster, S., Reese, M., Zuo, J. (eds) Urban Water Management for Future Cities. Future City, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01488-9_19
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