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Cretaceous Paleodictyon Trace Fossils: Evolutionary Mimicry Tactic Versus Burrowing: Examples from the Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq

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Paleobiodiversity and Tectono-Sedimentary Records in the Mediterranean Tethys and Related Eastern Areas (CAJG 2018)

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Abstract

The present study is set out not only to discuss but also to propose possible new functions (origins) of Paleodictyon. This function is a kind of protection against predation and not related to food habit or burrowing as concluded in previous studies. The organism achieving this protection by making its shape and size resemble (mimic) hard corals to decisive attacker organism. This protective operation happens through the hard corals which are found in the same basin with the traces. The study attributes the origin of trace to the evolutionary mimicry by which the previous dispute about the origin of the paleodictyon will be improved or ended.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

    Kamal Haji Karim

  2. Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research, Sulaymaniyah, KRG, Iraq

    Polla Azad Khanaqa

Authors
  1. Kamal Haji Karim
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  2. Polla Azad Khanaqa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamal Haji Karim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Amilcar, Tunisia

    Mabrouk Boughdiri

  2. Earth Science Department, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    Beatriz Bádenas

  3. University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

    Paul Selden

  4. University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

    Etienne Jaillard

  5. Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

    Peter Bengtson

  6. University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France

    Bruno R.C. Granier

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Karim, K.H., Khanaqa, P.A. (2019). Cretaceous Paleodictyon Trace Fossils: Evolutionary Mimicry Tactic Versus Burrowing: Examples from the Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq. In: Boughdiri, M., Bádenas, B., Selden, P., Jaillard, E., Bengtson, P., Granier, B. (eds) Paleobiodiversity and Tectono-Sedimentary Records in the Mediterranean Tethys and Related Eastern Areas. CAJG 2018. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01452-0_10

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