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Abstract

Britain is another US ally with a contentious history and political debate involving the JSF. London intends to purchase Air Force and carrier-based versions of the JSF. As of 2018 some of these aircraft are beginning to be deployed. However, the British JSF still experiences cost and technical problems and has to contend with the Eurofighter Typhoon for resources for British jet fighters. British aerospace contractors have received considerable benefit from participating in the JSF program, and having an effective fighter aircraft capability will be important for British national security interests as it and other NATO allies confront an increasingly assertive Russia.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See Louisa Brooke-Holland, The UK’s F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter (London: House of Commons Library, 2015): 4; http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06278/SN06278.pdf; accessed March 2, 2017; Jonathan Glancey, “Inside the F-35: The World’s Most Futuristic Fighter Jet,” The Telegraph (January 16, 2013); http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/9780450/Inside-the-F-35-the-futuristic-fighter-jet.html; accessed March 2, 2017 and Cynthia R. Cook et al., Assembling and Supporting the Joint Strike Fighter in the UK (Santa Monica: The Rand Corporation, 2003); http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1771.html; accessed March 6, 2017; Jeremy Stocker, Britain’s Role In U.S. Missile Defense (Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, 2004); Terence R. Guay, The Trans-Atlantic Defense Industrial Base: Restructuring Scenarios and Their Implications (Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, 2005); Andrew M. Dorman, Transforming to Effects-Based Operations: Lessons from the United Kingdom Experience (Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, 2008); Anglo-American Relations: Contemporary Perspectives, Alan Dobson and Steve P. Marsh, eds. (London: Routledge, 2013); Deborah Haynes. “Britain Spends Billions on Flawed Fighter Jets; Setbacks and Hidden Charges Push Costs of Stealth Aircraft to £150 m Each,” Times of London (July 17, 2017): 1–2; and Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Defence Committee, Unclear for Takeoff?:F-35 Procurement: Second Report of Session 2017–19 (London: HMSO, 2017): 23; https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmdfence/326/326.pdf; accessed June 7, 2018.

  2. 2.

    Trevor Taylor. “‘Que Sera, Sera’: The UK and the F-35,” RUSI Newsbrief, 33 (2) (March 2013): 1–3; https://rusi.org/publication/newsbrief/%E2%80%98que-sera-sera%E2%80%99-uk-and-f-35; accessed March 2, 2017.

  3. 3.

    Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Hansard Parliamentary Debates, 287 (Series 6) (December 10, 1996): c159W; http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1996/dec/10/joint-strike-fighter#S6CV0287P0_19961210_CWA_415; accessed March 6, 2017.

  4. 4.

    See Ibid., Hansard, 316 (Series 6) (July 21, 1998): c477w; http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1998/jul/21/joint-strike-fighter#S6CV0316P0_19980721_CWA_250; accessed March 6, 2017; Tom Dodd and Mark Oakes, The Strategic Defense Review White Paper (London: House of Commons Library, 1998): 36, 56; http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/RP98-91/the-strategic-defence-review-white-paper; accessed March 16, 2017.

  5. 5.

    See Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Defence Committee, Future Carrier and Joint Combat Aircraft Programmes: Second Report of Session 2005–06 (London: HMSO, 2005): 24–25; http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmdfence/554/554.pdf; accessed March 6, 2017; and Brooke-Holland, The UK’s F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter (London: House of Commons Library, 2015): 3.

  6. 6.

    See Ibid. (London: HMSO, 2005): 3; D.A. Deptula, “Air Force Transformation Past, Present, & Future,” Air Power Review, 5 (1) (Spring 2002): 22; http://www.airpowerstudies.co.uk/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/aprvol5no1.pdf; accessed March 16, 2017; and Claire Taylor. UK Defence Procurement Policy (London: House of Commons Library, 2003): 27; http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/RP03-78/uk-defence-procurement-policy; accessed March 16, 2017.

  7. 7.

    Future Carrier and Joint Combat Aircraft Programmes, 3, 29–31; and Great Britain, National Audit Office, Ministry of Defence Major Projects Report 2013: Appendices and Project Summary Sheets (London: NAO, 2014): 105–107; http://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Major-Projects-Appendicies-and-project-summary-sheets.pdf; accessed March 16, 2017.

  8. 8.

    See Ibid. (London: NAO, 2014): 105–106; http://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Major-Projects-Appendicies-and-project-summary-sheets.pdf; accessed March 12, 2017, and Future Carrier and Joint Combat Aircraft Programmes, 25, 31.

  9. 9.

    Great Britain, Ministry of Defence, Annual Report and Accounts 2006–2007 (London: MOD, 2007): 99; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228772/0697.pdf; accessed March 16, 2017.

  10. 10.

    See Francis Harris, “Computer Codes Row Threatens Pounds 12bn Jet Order,” The Daily Telegraph (March 15, 2006): 13; “F-35 JSF Program: U.S. & UK Reach Technology Transfer Agreement,” Defense Industry Daily (August 4, 2006); http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/f35-jsf-program-us-uk-reach-technology-transfer-agreement-02495/; accessed March 10, 2017; U.S. Department of State, Defense Communications: Memorandum of Understanding Between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Signed at Corsham and Offutt AFB March 16 and May 9, 2007 with Annex and Agreement Amending the Memorandum of Understanding Signed at Abbey Wood and Offutt AFB, December 4, 2007 and January 18, 2008 (Washington, DC: Department of State, 2013); http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/gpo36384/183520.pdf; accessed March 6, 2017; and Peter Ito, David M. Moore, Stuart Young, Kevin Burgess, and Peter Antill, “Impact of U.S. Export Control and Technology Transfer Regime on the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Project: Views of Key UK Stakeholders,” International Journal of Defense Acquisition Management, 4 (2011): 1–52.

  11. 11.

    Antill and Ito, “The UK and the Joint Strike Fighter,” International Journal 68 (1) (Winter 2012–13): 19.

  12. 12.

    Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Defence Select Committee, Defence Equipment 2008: Tenth Report of Session 2007–08 (London: HMSO, 2008): 4, 52–53, EV 17; http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmdfence/295/295.pdf; accessed March 10, 2017. View O’Donoghue’s and Gould’s responses to questioning at http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/8a7890e3-5800-4e7b-8463-20e89a617d07; 10:33:44–12:59:00; accessed March 2, 2017.

  13. 13.

    Ibid., Defence Equipment 2008: Government Response to the Committee’s Tenth Report of Session 2007–08 (London: HMSO, 2008): 9; http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmdfence/555/555.pdf; accessed March 10, 2017.

  14. 14.

    See Brooke-Holland (2015): 17; and NAO, Ministry of Defence Major Projects Report 2013, 105–106.

  15. 15.

    See Great Britain, Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review (London: HM Government, 2010): 3, 5, 23, 26; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/62482/strategic-defence-security-review.pdf; accessed March 6, 2017; Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Hansard, 516 (54) (October 19, 2010): columns 797–801; https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm101019/debtext/101019-0001.htm#10101928000003; accessed March 2, 2017 and Cameron’s remarks can be viewed at http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/3e84e39c-420b-43b1-a3af-5d97ac1e46cf; 15:32:14–15:49:30; accessed March 2, 2017.

  16. 16.

    See Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Committee of Public Accounts, Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General: Ministry of Defence: Carrier Strike (HC 1092) (London: TSO, 2011); EV 3; http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmpubacc/1427/1427.pdf; accessed March 9, 2017; and view this exchange at the British Parliament’s Parliamentlive.tv service http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/914e86b6-ac51-47c7-8800-185969b36bc0; 16:22:02–16:23:37; accessed March 2, 2017.

  17. 17.

    See Ibid., EV 3; and Ibid., 16:18:37–16:18:50.

  18. 18.

    Ibid., EV 5.

  19. 19.

    See Brooke-Holland (2015): 8; Thomas Harding, “Costs of Refitting Royal Navy Aircraft Carrier Trebles,” Daily Telegraph (March 12, 2012): http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/9139029/Cost-of-refitting-Royal-Navy-aircraft-carrier-trebles.html; accessed March 11, 2017 and National Audit Office, Ministry of Defence: Carrier Strike (London: NAO, 2011); http://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/10121092.pdf; accessed March 11, 2017.

  20. 20.

    Antill and Ito, International Journal, 22.

  21. 21.

    See Brooke-Holland (2015): 8–9; and Hansard, 545 (2) (May 10, 2012): Columns 140–142; https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmhansrd/cm120510/debtext/120510-0001.htm#12051029000006; accessed March 3, 2017; Audio webcast at http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/ac963c45-b036-42da-9137-9bbc2b330d9a; 11:11:18–11:22:38; accessed March 11, 2017.

  22. 22.

    See Ibid., Column 143; Audio webcast at Ibid., 11:22:43–11:28:34; Brooke-Holland, 9; and Christopher Parry, The United Kingdom’s Future Carriers: What Are They Good For?,” RUSI Journal, 157 (6) (December 2012): 4–9.

  23. 23.

    Hansard Parliamentary Debates Commons, 575, no. 118 (February 5, 2014): C242w-C243w; http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmhansrd/cm140205/text/140205w0001.htm#14020589000058; accessed March 6, 2017.

  24. 24.

    National Audit Office, Ministry of Defence Carrier Strike 2012 Reversion Decision (London: NAO, 2013): 6–9, 11; http://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/10149-001-Carrier.full-report.pdf; accessed March 6, 2017.

  25. 25.

    See Brooke-Holland (2015): 17; and National Audit Office, Major Projects Report 2014 and the Equipment Plan 2014–2024 (London: NAO, 2015): 18, 42; http://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Major-projects-report-2014-and-the-equipment-plan-2014-to-20151.pdf; accessed March 6, 2017.

  26. 26.

    See Simon Mitchell, “F-35—Getting the UK’s Largest Defence Opportunity on Track,” RUSI Defence System, 15 (1) (July 2012): 60–61; and Lockheed Martin, United Kingdom Industrial Participation: Built in the United Kingdom, Delivered to the World” (Fort Worth: Lockheed Martin, 2017): 1; https://www.f35.com/global/participation/united-kingdom-ip; accessed March 6, 2017.

  27. 27.

    See Great Britain, Ministry of Defence, Delivering Growth: Implementing the Strategic Vision for the UK Defence Sector (London: MOD, 2014): 13, 42; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/329781/bis-14-953-defence-growth-partnership-delivering-growth-implementing-the-strategic-vision-for-the-uk-defence-sector.pdf; accessed March 16, 2017; Great Britain, Department for International Trade, Open General Export License: Exports in Support of Joint Strike Fighter (F-35 Lightning II) (London: Department for International Trade, 2018): 5; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/464629/15-234-ogel-joint-strike.pdf; accessed June 7, 2018; and Louisa Brooke-Holland, Prospects for Combat Air: What Follows Typhoon and Lightning? (London: House of Commons Library, 2018): 10; http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8304/CBP-8304.pdf; accessed June 7, 2018.

  28. 28.

    See Great Britain, Office of the Secretary of State for Wales, “Welsh Secretary visits DECA, the North Wales Home of the Global F-35 hub as UK’s Industrial Strategy Announced” (London: Office of the Secretary of State for Wales, January 25, 2017): 1–2; https://www.gov.uk/government/news/welsh-secretary-visits-deca-the-north-wales-home-of-the-global-f-35-hub-as-uks-industrial-strategy-announced; accessed March 7, 2017; and Ministry of Defence, Defence Equipment and Support, “UK Chosen as a Global F-35 Repair Hub” (London: MOD, November 7, 2016): 1–2; https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-chosen-as-a-global-f-35-repair-hub; accessed March 7, 2017.

  29. 29.

    See Brooke-Holland (2015): 19; and House of Commons, Defence Select Committee, Future Force 2020 (London: Defence Select Committee, 2014): 12; http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/defence-committee/rethinking-defence-to-meet-new-threats/oral/16882.pdf; accessed March 6, 2017; webcast at http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/0c5751a5-d61b-46eb-b271-d48259e2205d; 14:46:16–16:20; accessed March 6, 2017.

  30. 30.

    Great Britain, Electoral Commission, 2015 UK General Election Results (London: Electoral Commission, 2016): 1–2; http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/elections-and-referendums/past-elections-and-referendums/uk-general-elections/2015-uk-general-election-results; accessed March 6, 2017.

  31. 31.

    See Great Britain, Office of National Statistics, Defence-Related Activities in the UK (London: ONS, September 8, 2014): http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/prodcom/prodcom-final-results/defence-related-activities-in-the-uk/sty-def.html; accessed March 6, 2017; Ministry of Defence, Defence in Numbers (London: MOD, September 2016): 2. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/561135/UK_Defence_in_Numbers_2016-revised.pdf; accessed March 6, 2017; UK Defence in Numbers (London: MOD, September 2017): 2; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/652915/UK_Defence_in_Numbers_2017_-_Update_17_Oct.pdf; accessed January 3, 2018; and Christopher Chantrill, Public Spending Details for 2017, https://www.ukpublicspending.co.uk/uk_year2017_0.html; accessed June 8, 2019.

  32. 32.

    Great Britain, Parliament, Early Day Motion 757: Defence Spending (London: House of Commons, February 3, 2015); http://www.parliament.uk/edm/2014-15/757; accessed March 12, 2017.

  33. 33.

    Hansard Parliamentary Debates Commons, 594 (124) (March 12, 2015): Cols. 429, 432, 487; http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmhansrd/cm150312/debtext/150312-0002.htm#15031223000001; accessed March 6, 2017; Webcast at http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/fe9e4868-f7e2-47d8-96c7-50b7f12399de; 9:34 to 17:52; accessed March 6, 2017.

  34. 34.

    Ibid., Cols. 437, 444.

  35. 35.

    See Ben Jones, “UK SDSR: Same Ends, Less Means, New Ways?,” European Geostrategy (November 5, 2014): http://www.css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/185518/pdf; accessed January 3, 2018; and Ben Riley-Smith and Ben Farmer, “RAF Jets Scrambled More Than 40 Times to Intercept Russian Bombers,” Daily Telegraph (February 21, 2015); http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11426692/RAF-jets-scrambled-more-than-40-times-to-intercept-Russian-bombers.html; accessed March 12, 2017.

  36. 36.

    George Grant, In Scotland’s Defence?: An Assessment of SNP Defence Strategy (London: The Henry Jackson Society, 2013): 101; http://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/HJS-In-Scotlands-Defence-Report-LOW-RES.pdf; accessed March 6, 2017.

  37. 37.

    See Great Britain, A National Security Strategy and Strategic and Defense Security Review: A Secure and Prosperous United Kingdom (London: Prime Minister, 2015): 6, 29–31; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/555607/2015_Strategic_Defence_and_Security_Review.pdf; accessed March 6, 2017; Bert Chapman “Geopolitics of the 2015 British Defense White Paper and Its Historical Predecessors,” Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 8 (2, 2016): 42–63; http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/lib_fsdocs/128/; accessed March 6, 2017; Hansard Parliamentary Debates Commons 602 (74) (November 23, 2015): Col. 1070; https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2015-11-23/debates/1511232000002/NationalSecurityAndDefence; Webcast at https://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/6d6630c1-efe8-4cbc-8c58-d61dd4d02707. 16:45:30–16:46:01; accessed March 7, 2017.

  38. 38.

    Great Britain, Ministry of Defence, “MOD Signs £184 million Contract to Secure Air-to-Air Missiles for the F-35B” (London: MOD, August 16, 2016): 1–2; https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mod-signs-184-million-contract-to-secure-air-to-air-missiles-for-the-f-35; accessed March 7, 2017.

  39. 39.

    Great Britain, The Electoral Commission, “EU Referendum Results” (London: The Electoral Commission, 2016): 1; http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/elections-and-referendums/past-elections-and-referendums/eu-referendum/electorate-and-count-information; accessed March 7, 2017.

  40. 40.

    Hansard Parliamentary Debates: Commons, 597 (27) (July 2, 2015): Col. 1729; https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2015-07-02/debates/15070233000001/BritainAndInternationalSecurity?highlight=joint%20strike%20fighter#contribution-15070238000301; Webcast at http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/8315f42e-dc7a-485c-ac7f-21de8032e9ba; 16:26:43–16:33:15; accessed March 7, 2017.

  41. 41.

    Ibid., 620 (104) (February 2, 2017): Col. 1286; https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2017-02-02/debates/72F1C37B-0E33-412C-9B04-46079901610E/ArmedForcesCovenant?highlight=joint%20strike%20fighter#contribution-B82E9196-5EE7-484F-8522-FC3BEDE68FD2; accessed March 7, 2017.

  42. 42.

    Great Britain, Parliament, Commons Defence Committee, Shifting the Goalposts? Defence Expenditure and the 2% Pledge: Second Report of Session 2015–16 (London: TSO, 2016): 30; http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201516/cmselect/cmdfence/494/494.pdf; accessed March 7, 2017.

  43. 43.

    Ibid.

  44. 44.

    Ibid., Russia: Implications for UK Defence and Security: First Report of Session 2016–17 (London, TSO, 2016): 24–25, 27–28, 50; http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmdfence/107/107.pdf; accessed March 7, 2017.

  45. 45.

    Ibid., Oral Evidence: Defence Acquisition and Procurement, HC 698 (London: TSO, January 31, 2017): Q294–295; http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/defence-committee/defence-acquisition-and-procurement/oral/46546.pdf; accessed March 7, 2017. Webcast at http://parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/5b6465b9-f147-44b5-b5b5-51d7dda76722; 12:48:20–12:54:06; accessed March 7, 2017.

  46. 46.

    National Audit Office, Ministry of Defence: Major Projects Report 2015 and the Equipment Plan 2015 to 2025 (London: NAO, 2015): 22, 42, 55; https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Major-Projects-Report-2015-and-the-Equipment-Plan-2015-2025.pdf; accessed March 7, 2017.

  47. 47.

    Ibid., Impact of the Strategic Defence and Security Review on the Equipment Plan (London: NAO, 2016): 5, 13; https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Impact-of-the-Strategic-Defence-and-Security-Review-on-the-Equipment-Plan.pdf; accessed March 7, 2017.

  48. 48.

    See Ibid., Ministry of Defence: The Equipment Plan 2016 to 2026 (London: NAO, 2017): 4, 42; https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/The-Equipment-Plan-2016-2026.pdf; accessed March 8, 2017; and Christopher Hope, “MoD Told to Find £6 Bn in Extra Savings or New Tanks and Planes Will be at Risk,” The Daily Telegraph (January 28, 2017): 6.

  49. 49.

    See Great Britain, Her Majesty’s Treasury, “Oral statement to Parliament Spring Budget 2017: Philip Hammond’s Speech” (London: HM Treasury, March 8, 2017): 1–18; https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/spring-budget-2017-philip-hammonds-speech; accessed March 8, 2017; webcast at http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/8a000060-1bde-4491-bffe-4359e85832ea; 12:35:46–13:33:04; accessed March 8, 2017; Ibid., Spring Budget 2017, HC 1025 (London: HM Treasury, March 8, 2017); 4; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/597467/spring_budget_2017_web.pdf; accessed March 8, 2017; Steve Richards, “Leadership, Loyalty, and the Rise of Jeremy Corbyn,” The Political Quarterly, 87 (1, January–March, 2016): 12–17; https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12221; and Fraser Nelson, “The Evolution of Theresa May Will Give Britain a Bright Global Future; The PM has Quietly Grown into the Job, Abandoning her Mean, Narrow Vision of Brexit for a Positive Agenda,” The Daily Telegraph (January 20, 2017): 16.

  50. 50.

    See Great Britain, The Electoral Commission, “2017 UK General Election Results” (London: The Electoral Commission, 2017): 1; https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/our-work/our-research/electoral-data/2017-uk-general-election-results; accessed January 3, 2018; and Alex Hunt, “Theresa May and the DUP Deal: What You Need to Know,” BBC News (June 26, 2017): 1–5; http://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-40245514; accessed January 3, 2018.

  51. 51.

    Haynes, 1–2.

  52. 52.

    Unclear for Take-Off?: F-35 Procurement (London: TSO, 2017), 35–37; https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmdfence/326/326.pdf; accessed January 3, 2018.

  53. 53.

    Ibid., 22–25.

  54. 54.

    “Written Evidence Submitted by Lockheed Martin” (London: TSO, 2017): 1–13; http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/defence-committee/unclear-for-takeoff-f35-procurement/written/73296.pdf; accessed January 3, 2018.

  55. 55.

    “Written Evidence Submitted by the Ministry of Defence” (London, TSO, 2017): 9–11; http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/defence-committee/unclear-for-takeoff-f35-procurement/written/74078.pdf; accessed January 3, 2018.

  56. 56.

    Unclear for Take-Off?: F-35 Procurement, 32–34.

  57. 57.

    Brooke-Holland (2018): 13–14.

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Chapman, B. (2019). JSF and the United Kingdom. In: Global Defense Procurement and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01367-7_7

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