Skip to main content

Endoscopic Screening and Surveillance: Indications and Standards

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Atlas of Early Neoplasias of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract

Endoscopy is the gold standard for detection of early cancer in the gastrointestinal tract; it is approved for gastric cancer screening in Japan and South Korea and for colorectal cancer screening in many countries worldwide. A rationale is the strong reduction in the incidence of colorectal cancer after 10 years’ follow-up of colonoscopic screening with resection of all neoplastic lesions. High-risk groups are subject to different, more frequent endoscopic surveillance programs, which are summarized for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer. The chapter explains the preparation and procedural steps of screening colonoscopy and esophago−/gastroscopy, including benchmark criteria for quality of endoscopy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. GLOBOCAN database, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, http://globocan.iarc.fr/.

  2. Ferlay J, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136:E359–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Inoue M, et al. Epidemiology of gastric cancer in Japan. Postgrad Med J. 2005;81:419–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Everett SM, et al. Early gastric cancer in Europe. Gut. 1997;41:142–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Morita S, et al. Outcome of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 2008;95:1131–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Abe S, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for undifferentiated early gastric cancer. Endoscopy. 2013;45:703–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gotoda T, et al. Endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer treated by guideline and expanded National Cancer Centre criteria. Br J Surg. 2010;97:868–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hamashima C, et al. Optimal interval of endoscopic screening based on stage distributions of detected gastric cancers. BMC Cancer. 2017;17:740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hirota WK, et al. ASGE guideline: the role of endoscopy in the surveillance of premalignant conditions of the upper GI tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63:570–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rex DK, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: recommendations for physicians and patients from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology. 2017;153:307–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Vasen HF, et al. Familial colorectal cancer risk: ESMO clinical recommendations. Ann Oncol. 2009;20(Suppl 4):51–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fletcher RH, et al. Screening patients with a family history of colorectal cancer. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22:508–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Torre LA, et al. Global cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends – an update. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2016;25:16–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zauber AG, et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:687–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hamashima C, et al. Mortality reduction from gastric cancer by endoscopic and radiographic screening. Cancer Sci. 2015;106:1744–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Evans JA, et al. ASGE guideline. The role of endoscopy in the management of premalignant and malignant conditons of the stomach. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;82:1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ebell MH, et al. Cancer screening recommendations: an international comparison of high income countries. Public Health Rev. 2018;39:7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bevan R, Rutter RD. Colorectal cancer screening – who, how, and when? Clin Endosc. 2018;51:37–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Towler B, et al. A systematic review of the effects of screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test, Hemoccult. BMJ. 1998;317:559–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kaminski MF, et al. Performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) quality improvement initiative. United European Gastroenterol J. 2017;5:309–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Winawer SJ, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: clinical guidelines and rationale. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:594–642.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dunlop MG. Guidance on gastrointestinal surveillance for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis, juvenile polyposis, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Gut. 2002;51(Suppl 5):V21–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Beaugerie L, et al. Cancers complicating inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:195.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Farraye FA, et al. AGA technical review on the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2010;138:746–774, 774 e741–744; quiz e712-743.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Soetikno R, et al. Paradigm shift in the surveillance and management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease (West). Dig Endosc. 2016;28:266–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Laine L, et al. SCENIC international consensus statement on surveillance and management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81:489–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Lieberman DA, et al. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after screening and polypectomy: a consensus update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology. 2012;143:844–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Watanabe T, et al. Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2016 for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2018;23:1–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hamashima C, et al. The Japanese guidelines for gastric cancer screening. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2008;38:259–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Leung WK, et al. Screening for gastric cancer in Asia: current evidence and practice. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9:279–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Huntsman DG, et al. Early gastric cancer in young, asymptomatic carriers of germ-line E-cadherin mutations. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1904–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Engel LS, et al. Population attributable risks of esophageal and gastric cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95:1404–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kuwano H, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus April 2012 edited by the Japan Esophageal Society. Esophagus. 2015;12:1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Muto M, et al. Early detection of superficial squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region and esophagus by narrow band imaging: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:1566–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Appelqvist P, et al. Lye corrosion carcinoma of the esophagus: a review of 63 cases. Cancer. 1980;45:2655–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sandler RS, et al. The risk of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia. A population-based study. JAMA. 1995;274:1359–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Stevens HP, et al. Linkage of an American pedigree with palmoplantar keratoderma and malignancy (palmoplantar ectodermal dysplasia type III) to 17q24. Literature survey and proposed updated classification of the keratodermas. Arch Dermatol. 1996;132:640–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Spechler SJ, et al. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2011;140:1084–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Shuyama K, et al. Human papillomavirus in high- and low-risk areas of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China. Br J Cancer. 2007;96:1554–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. El-Serag HB, et al. Epidemiological differences between adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia in the USA. Gut. 2002;50:368–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hvid-Jensen F, et al. Incidence of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett’s esophagus. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1375–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kelty CJ, et al. Barrett’s oesophagus: intestinal metaplasia is not essential for cancer risk. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007;42:1271–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Gray MR, et al. The role of smoking and alcohol in metaplasia and cancer risk in Barrett’s columnar lined oesophagus. Gut. 1993;34:727–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kastelein F, et al. Impact of surveillance for Barrett’s oesophagus on tumor stage and survival of patients with neoplastic progression. Gut. 2016;65:548–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Schölvinck DW, et al. Detection of lesions in dysplastic Barrett’s esophhagus by community and expert endoscpists. Endoscopy. 2017;49:113–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Weusten B, et al. Endoscopic management of Barrett’s esophagus: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) position statement. Endoscopy. 2017;49:191–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Shaheen NJ, et al. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111:30–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Fitzgerald RC, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus. Gut. 2014:7–42.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Oyama T. Diagnostic strategies of superficial Barrett’s esophageal cancer for endoscopic submucosal dissection. Dig Endosc. 2013;25(Suppl 1):7–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Faigel DO, et al. Quality indicators for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: an introduction. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:866–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Kaminski MF, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy and the risk of interval cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1795–803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Lee TJ, et al. Colonoscopy quality measure experience from the NHS bowel cancer screening programme. Gut. 2012;61:1050–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Kudo S, et al. The problem of de novo colorectal carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 1995;31A:1118–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Morris EJ, et al. Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) rates vary considerably depending on the method used to calculate them: a retrospective observational population-based study of PCCRC in the English National Health Service. Gut. 2015;64:1248–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Calderwood AH, et al. Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores provide a standardized definition of adequate for describing bowel cleanliness. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;80:269–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Oyama T. Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma for ESD. Tokyo: Nankodo Co., Ltd; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Muto M, Yao K, Sano Y. Atlas of endoscopy with narrow band imaging. Tokyo: SPRINGER Japan; 2015. p. 11–30.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  58. Yao K, et al. Development of an e-learning system for teaching endoscopists how to diagnose early gastric cancer: basic principles for improving early detection. Gastric Cancer. 2017;20:28–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Bisschops R, et al. Performance measures for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy quality improvement initiative. United European Gastroenterol J. 2016;4:629–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Banerjee S, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67:791–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Anderson MA, et al. Management of antithrombotic agents for endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70:1060–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thierry Ponchon .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ponchon, T., Berr, F., Oyama, T. (2019). Endoscopic Screening and Surveillance: Indications and Standards. In: Berr, F., Oyama, T., Ponchon, T., Yahagi, N. (eds) Atlas of Early Neoplasias of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01114-7_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01114-7_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-01113-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-01114-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics