Abstract
In recent years, strict exhaust emission legislation alongside the demand for high efficiency and low fuel consumption have caused an enormous effort in research and development in the automotive industry. As far as thermal management is concerned, a growing number of on-demand temperature control strategies is recognized. While direct heat exchanging devices offer limited possibilities for such approaches, indirect cooling systems facilitate their implementation to a large extent. This allows to adjust the temperature of the various components at or close to the vehicle’s engine, independent of the current driving situation. The aforementioned temperature control strategies usually rely on the knowledge of the state variables. The latter are expressed by means of data supplied by the vehicle’s ECU and the fluid properties. In particular, the cooling medium’s composition has a major impact on the performance of the overall cooling system. This is due to the strong dependence of the viscosity and the heat capacity on the concentration c of ethylene glycol in the coolant mixture. On the other hand, the composition of the cooling mixture may be influenced by the vehicle’s owner by adding water or glycol to the cooling circuit. This may destabilize the temperature control which, in the worst case, may cause damage to the vehicle components. Assuming a binary mixture of water and ethylene glycol we suggest an approach which allows to determine c by means of quantities which are supplied by the vehicle’s ECU. To this end, the dimensionless temperature change of the respective heat exchanger is expressed by means of the heat capacity flow of the cooling medium. This expression can be solved for the concentration either by means of characteristic maps or analytically. Exemplifying both these approaches on the basis of vehicle measurements, we discuss possible applications such as on-board diagnosis and adaptive control.
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Herzog, A., Pelka, C., Weiss, R., Skorupa, F. (2019). Determination of the Cooling Medium Composition in an Indirect Cooling System. In: Junior, C., Dingel, O. (eds) Energy and Thermal Management, Air-Conditioning, and Waste Heat Utilization. ETA 2018. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00819-2_7
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