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A Neuron–Glial Perspective for Computational Neuroscience

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Computational Glioscience

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience ((NEUROSCI))

Abstract

There is growing excitement around glial cells, as compelling evidence point to new, previously unimaginable roles for these cells in information processing of the brain, with the potential to affect behavior and higher cognitive functions. Among their many possible functions, glial cells could be involved in practically every aspect of the brain physiology in health and disease. As a result, many investigators in the field welcome the notion of a neuron–glial paradigm of brain function, as opposed to Ramon y Cajal’s more classical neuronal doctrine which identifies neurons as the prominent, if not the only, cells capable of a signaling role in the brain. The demonstration of a brain-wide neuron–glial paradigm however remains elusive and so does the notion of what neuron–glial interactions could be functionally relevant for the brain computational tasks. In this perspective, we present a selection of arguments inspired by available experimental and modeling studies with the aim to computational neuroscience that no longer is a mere prerogative of neuronal signaling but rather it is the outcome of complex interaction between neurons and glial cells.

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Abbreviations

Ado:

Adenosine

AMPA (AMPAR):

\(\upalpha \)-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (receptor)

ANLS:

Astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle

AP:

Action potential

AQP4:

Aquaporin channel type 4

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CICR:

Calcium-induced calcium release

CNS:

Central nervous system

ECS:

Extracellular space

GABA:

\(\upgamma \)-Aminobutyric acid

GGC:

Glutamate–glutamine cycle

GPCR:

G protein–coupled receptor

\({\mathrm{IP}_3}\) :

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

Kir:

Inwardly rectifying \({\mathrm{K}^+}\) channel

LTD:

Long-term depression

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

MCT:

Monocarboxylate transporter

NA:

Noradrenaline

NBC:

\({\mathrm{Na}^+}\)-\({\mathrm{HCO}_3^-}\) cotransporter

NKP:

\({\mathrm{Na}^+}\)/\({\mathrm{K}^+}\)-ATPase pump

NMDA (NMDAR):

N-Methyl-d-aspartate (receptor)

SIC (SOC):

Slow inward (outward) current

SON:

Supraoptic nucleus

SSR:

Steady-state synaptic release

TNF\(\upalpha \):

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

V1:

Primary visual cortex

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Acknowledgements

MDP acknowledges the support of Pôle emploi Rhône-Alpes and of the Junior Leader Postdoctoral Fellowship Program by “la Caixa” Banking Foundation (LCF/BQ/LI18/11630006). Completion of this chapter was also possible thank to the support of the Basque Government by the BERC 2018–2021 program and by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities: BCAM Severo Ochoa accreditation SEV-2017-0718.

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  1. Group of Mathematical, Computational and Experimental Neuroscience, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain

    Maurizio De Pittà

  2. EPI BEAGLE, INRIA Rhône-Alpes, Villeurbanne, France

    Maurizio De Pittà & Hugues Berry

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    Maurizio De Pittà

  2. INRIA Rhône-Alpes, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

    Hugues Berry

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De Pittà, M., Berry, H. (2019). A Neuron–Glial Perspective for Computational Neuroscience. In: De Pittà, M., Berry, H. (eds) Computational Glioscience. Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00817-8_1

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