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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Diagnostic Considerations for Children with a History of Trauma

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Trauma, Autism, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Abstract

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) is an umbrella term that describes a variety of conditions characterized by a pattern of atypical facial features, growth restriction, structural physical abnormalities, and brain dysfunction resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure. Because the cognitive and behavioral phenotype of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders can be nonspecific, and overlap with the phenotype of other neurodevelopmental disorders, and because the majority of individuals with FASDs do not manifest dysmorphic craniofacial features, misdiagnosis and under-diagnosis of FASDs is common. To mitigate the long-term morbidities associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, it is important to maintain a heightened index of suspicion for prenatal alcohol exposure and the possibility of an alcohol-related diagnosis in children at risk, as early diagnosis and recognition of the disabilities associated with FASDs can help optimize future outcomes.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Prachi E. Shah, Danielle Shapiro & Tedi Milgrom

  2. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    H. Eugene Hoyme

Authors
  1. Prachi E. Shah
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  2. Danielle Shapiro
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  3. Tedi Milgrom
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  4. H. Eugene Hoyme
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prachi E. Shah .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Developmental Medical Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Jason M. Fogler

  2. Oregon Health & Science University, Eugene, OR, USA

    Randall A. Phelps

Appendix

Appendix

Sample Interview Questions to Query for Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

  1. 1.

    How many weeks pregnant were you when you learned of your pregnancy?

  2. 2.

    In the 3 months prior to pregnancy, how many drinks would you typically consume in a week? (Prompt further, 10–15 drinks? 15–20 drinks? Etc.)

  3. 3.

    Before you learned of your pregnancy, how many drinks did you drink in one sitting? (Prompt further, 5–10 drinks? 10–15 drinks? Etc.)

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Shah, P.E., Shapiro, D., Milgrom, T., Eugene Hoyme, H. (2018). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Diagnostic Considerations for Children with a History of Trauma. In: Fogler, J., Phelps, R. (eds) Trauma, Autism, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00503-0_6

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