Abstract
Regulation of a broad array of cellular functions in both normal cells and cancer is controlled through the phosphorylation of unique proteins within multistep signaling pathways. Phosphorylation is directed through hundreds of specific kinases which can be activated through a variety of mechanisms. Not surprisingly, these tightly regulated networks are critical to nearly all cellular functions and can be abnormally activated or suppressed in cancer through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms (Gross et al., J Clin Invest 125:1780–1789, 2015). Often, these alterations in kinase activity result in tumorigenic changes leading to increased survival and resistance, as well as tumor growth and spread (Fig. 15.1). It has also become evident that aberrant kinase activity plays a central role in a tumor’s ability to evade immune surveillance. As a result, kinase inhibition has emerged as a field of intense study across multiple cancer subtypes, and currently over 25 oncology drugs that target kinases are approved in the United States (Gross et al., J Clin Invest 125:1780–1789, 2015).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gross S, Rahal R, Stransky N, et al. Targeting cancer with kinase inhibitors. J Clin Invest. 2015;125:1780–9.
Liu W, Meckel T, Tolar P, Sohn HW, Pierce SK. Antigen affinity discrimination is an intrinsic function of the B cell receptor. J Exp Med. 2010;207:1095–111.
Neimann C, Weistner A. B-cell receptor signaling as a driver of lymphoma development and evolution. Semin Cancer Biol. 2015;23:410–21.
Davis E, Ngo V, Lenz G, et al. Chronic active B-cell receptor signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature. 2010;463:88–92.
Havranek O, Xu J, Davis E, et al. Molecular aspects of tonic B-cell receptor signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma provide biomarkers and targets for specific inhibition. Blood. 2016;128:779.
Honigberg L, Smith A, Sirisawad M, et al. The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor PCI-32765 blocks B-cell activation and is efficacious in models of autoimmune disease and B-cell malignancy. PNAS. 2010;107:13075–80.
Advani R, Buggy J, Sharman J, et al. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) has significant activity in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(1):88–94.
Wilson W, Young R, Schmitz R, et al. Targeting B cell receptor signaling with ibrutinib in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Nat Med. 2015;21(8):922–6.
Younes A, Theiblemont C, Morchhauser F, et al. Combination of ibrutinib with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) for treatment-naive patients with CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a non-randomised, phase 1b study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;15(9):1019–26.
Byrd J, Harrington B, O’Brien S, et al. Acalabrutinib in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Eng J Med. 2016;374:323–32.
Li C, Yang L, Bell T, et al. Novel Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor Bgb-3111 demonstrates potent activity in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood. 2016;128:5374.
Tam C, Simpson D, Opat S, et al. Safety and activity of the highly specific BTK inhibitor BGB-3111 in patients with indolent and aggressive non Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Blood. 2017;130:152.
Mocsai A, Ruland J, Tybulewiicz V, et al. The SYK tyrosine kinase: a crucial player in diverse biological functions. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10(6):387–402.
Friedberg J, Sharman J, Sweetenham J, et al. Inhibition of Syk with fostamatinib disodium has significant clinical activity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2010;115:2578–85.
Flinn I, Bartlett N, Blum K, et al. A phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy of fostamatinib in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Eur J Cancer. 2016;54:11–7.
Sharman J, Klein L, Boxer M, et al. Phase 2 trial of Entospletinib (GS-9973), a selective Syk inhibitor, in indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (iNHL). Blood. 2015;126:1545.
Cheng S, Coffey G, Zhang XH, et al. SYK inhibition and response prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2011;118:6342–52.
Barr P, Saylors G, et al. Phase 2 study of idelalisib and entospletinib: pneumonitis limits combination therapy in relapsed refractory CLL and NHL. Blood. 2016;127(20):2411–5.
Ma J, Xing W, Coffey G, et al. Cerdulatinib, a novel dual SYK/JAK kinase inhibitor, has broad anti-tumor activity in both ABC and GCB types of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Oncotarget. 2015;22:43881–96.
Hamlin P, Farber C, Fenske T, et al. The dual SYK/JAK inhibitor cerdulatinib demonstrates rapid tumor responses in a Phase 2 Study in patients with relapsed B-cell malignancies. Hematol Oncol. 2017;35:74.
Cantley LC. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Science. 2002;296(5573):1655–7.
Liu P, Cheng H, Roberts TM, Zhao JJ. Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009;8(8):627–44.
Engelman JA. Targeting PI3K signalling in cancer: opportunities, challenges and limitations. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009;9(8):550–62.
Hennessy BT, Smith DL, Ram PT, Lu Y, Mills GB. Exploiting the PI3K/AKT pathway for cancer drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005;4(12):988–1004.
Meadows SA, Vega F, Kashishian A, Johnson D, Diehl V, Miller LL, et al. PI3Kdelta inhibitor, GS-1101 (CAL-101), attenuates pathway signaling, induces apoptosis, and overcomes signals from the microenvironment in cellular models of Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2012;119(8):1897–900.
Go H, Jang JY, Kim PJ, Kim YG, Nam SJ, Paik JH, et al. MicroRNA-21 plays an oncogenic role by targeting FOXO1 and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6(17):15035–49.
Psyrri A, Papageorgiou S, Liakata E, Scorilas A, Rontogianni D, Kontos CK, et al. Phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase catalytic subunit alpha gene amplification contributes to the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(18):5724–32.
Yahiaoui OI, Nunes JA, Castanier C, Devillier R, Broussais F, Fabre AJ, et al. Constitutive AKT activation in follicular lymphoma. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:565.
Rommel C, Camps M, Ji H. PI3K delta and PI3K gamma: partners in crime in inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and beyond? Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7(3):191–201.
Flinn IW, Kahl BS, Leonard JP, Furman RR, Brown JR, Byrd JC, et al. Idelalisib, a selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-delta, as therapy for previously treated indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2014;123(22):3406–13.
Gopal AK, Kahl BS, de Vos S, Wagner-Johnston ND, Schuster SJ, Jurczak WJ, et al. PI3Kdelta inhibition by idelalisib in patients with relapsed indolent lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(11):1008–18.
Kahl BS, Spurgeon SE, Furman RR, Flinn IW, Coutre SE, Brown JR, et al. A phase 1 study of the PI3Kdelta inhibitor idelalisib in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Blood. 2014;123(22):3398–405.
Wagner-Johnston ND, De Vos S, Leonard J, Sharman JP, Schreeder MT, Fowler NH. Preliminary results of PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib (GS-1101) treatment in combination with everolimus, bortezomib, or bendamustine/rituximab in patients with previously treated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). ASCO Meeting Abstr. 2013;31:8501.
Flinn I, Patel MR, Maris MB, Matous J, Cherry M, Berdeja JG. An open-label, phase Ib study of Duvelisib (IPI-145) in combination with Bendamustine, Rituximab or Bendamustine/Rituximab in select subjects with lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2014;124:4422.
Horwitz SM, Porcu P, Flinn I, Kahl BS, Sweeney J, Stern HM, Douglas M, Allen K, Kelly P, Foss FM. Duvelisib (IPI-145), a Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase-δ,γ inhibitor, shows activity in patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2014;124:803.
Erdmann T, Klener P, Lynch JT, Grau M, Vockova P, Molinsky J, et al. Sensitivity to PI3K and AKT inhibitors is mediated by divergent molecular mechanisms in subtypes of DLBCL. Blood. 2017;130(3):310–22.
Lenz G, Hawkes E, Verhoef G, et al. Clinical outcomes and molecular characterization from a phase II study of copanlisib in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol. 2017;35:68–9.
Dreyling M, Morschhauser F, Bouabdallah K, Bron D, Cunningham D, Assouline SE, et al. Phase II study of copanlisib, a PI3K inhibitor, in relapsed or refractory, indolent or aggressive lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(9):2169–78.
Freidman D, Lanasa M, Brander D, et al. Comparison of the PI3K-δ inhibitors TGR1202 and GS-1101 in inducing cytotoxicity and inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt in CLL cells in vitro. Blood. 2012;120:3914.
Maharaj KK, Powers J, Fonseca R, et al. Abstract 545: differential regulation of human T-cells by TGR-1202, a novel PI3Kδ inhibitor. Cancer Res. 2016;76(14 Supplement):545.
O’Connor OO, Flinn IW, Patel MR, et al. TGR-1202, a novel once daily PI3K-delta inhibitor, demonstrates clinical activity with a favorable safety profile in patients with CLL and B-cell lymphoma [abstract]. Blood. 2015;126(23).
Lunning MA, Vose J, Fowler N, et al. Ublituximab + TGR-1202 demonstrates activity and a favorable safety profile in relapsed/refractory B-cell NHL and high-risk CLL: phase I results [abstract]. Blood. 2015;126(23). Abstract 1538.
Witzig TE, Geyer SM, Ghobrial I, Inwards DJ, Fonseca R, Kurtin P, et al. Phase II trial of single-agent temsirolimus (CCI-779) for relapsed mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(23):5347–56.
Smith SM, van Besien K, Karrison T, Dancey J, McLaughlin P, Younes A, et al. Temsirolimus has activity in non-mantle cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma subtypes: the University of Chicago phase II consortium. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(31):4740–6.
Witzig TE, Reeder CB, LaPlant BR, Gupta M, Johnston PB, Micallef IN, et al. A phase II trial of the oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus in relapsed aggressive lymphoma. Leukemia. 2011;25(2):341–7.
Oki Y, Buglio D, Fanale M, Fayad L, Copeland A, Romaguera J, et al. Phase I study of panobinostat plus everolimus in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(24):6882–90.
Witzig TE, Tobinai K, Rigacci L, Lin T, Ikeda T, Vanazzi A. PILLAR-2: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study of adjuvant everolimus (EVE) in patients (pts) with poor-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:7506.
Guidetti A, Viviani S, Marchiano A, et al. Dual targeted therapy with the AKT inhibitor perifosine and the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphomas: final results of a phase II trial. Blood. 2012;120:3679.
Oki Y, Fanale M, Romaguera J, Fayad L, Fowler N, Copeland A, et al. Phase II study of an AKT inhibitor MK2206 in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2015;171(4):463–70.
Hapgood G, Savage KJ. The biology and management of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Blood. 2015;126(1):17–25.
Laurent C, Do C, Gascoyne RD, Lamant L, Ysebaert L, Laurent G, et al. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a rare clinicopathologic entity with poor prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(25):4211–6.
Shaw AT, Kim DW, Mehra R, Tan DS, Felip E, Chow LQ, et al. Ceritinib in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(13):1189–97.
Richly H, Kim TM, Schuler M, Kim DW, Harrison SJ, Shaw AT, et al. Ceritinib in patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2015;126(10):1257–8.
Bavetsias V, Linardopoulos S. Aurora kinase inhibitors: current status and outlook. Front Oncol. 2015;5:278.
Manfredi MG, Ecsedy JA, Chakravarty A, et al. Characterization of Alisertib (MLN8237), an investigational small-molecule inhibitor of aurora A kinase using novel in vivo pharmacodynamic assays. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:7614–24.
Kelly KR, Shea TC, Goy A, Berdeja JG, Reeder CB, McDonagh KT, et al. Phase I study of MLN8237—investigational aurora A kinase inhibitor—in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Investig New Drugs. 2014;32:489–99.
Friedberg JW, Mahadevan D, Cebula E, Persky D, Lossos I, Agarwal AB, et al. Phase II study of alisertib, a selective aurora A kinase inhibitor, in relapsed and refractory aggressive B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:44–50.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Morschhauser, F., Manier, S., Fowler, N. (2019). Kinase Inhibitors in Large Cell Lymphoma. In: Lenz, G., Salles, G. (eds) Aggressive Lymphomas. Hematologic Malignancies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00362-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00362-3_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00361-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00362-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)