Abstract
A software prototype for dynamic route planning in the travel industry for cognitive cities is presented in this paper. In contrast to existing tools, the prototype enhances the travel experience (i.e., sightseeing) by allowing additional flexibility to the user. The theoretical background of the paper strengthens the understanding of the introduced concepts (e.g., cognitive cities, fuzzy logic, graph databases) to conceive the presented prototype. The prototype applies an instantiation and enhancement of the graph database Neo4j. For didactical reasons and to strengthen the understanding of this prototype a scenario applied to route planning in the city of Bern (Switzerland) is shown in the paper.
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Notes
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Some of these shortcomings are yet to be overcome. Still, not in the granularity as intended by Zadeh.
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More information about the prototype and the scenario are available under https://smartandcognitivecities.blogspot.com.
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The applied logic of Sygic Travel is not publicly available.
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Appendix A1 shows a list of all available landmarks and their grouping.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the student assistants of the Institute of Information Systems of the University of Bern for their valuable input and their contributions to this paper.
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Appendix A. Additional Information of the Prototype
Appendix A. Additional Information of the Prototype
This Appendix A shows various additional information to the applied prototype.
1.1 A.1. Sightseeing Spots in Bern
1.2 A.2. Query Processing
This appendix shows how the prototype processes queries for a better understanding of the prototype. Every time the prototype generates nodes, these nodes obtain individual IDs. These IDs vary from node generation to node generation. Therefore, the prototype has to be able to identify the IDs of the nodes to recognize the underlying attributes of the nodes. Figure 3 in Sect. 3.5.1 shows a graph with nodes and Fig. 5 shows the identification of the nodes.
Neo4j ID identification
As seen in row 10 of Fig. 5 Neo4j creates a connection with Node.js and node-neo4j API. Row 13 shows the inclusion of the Neo4j database and row 25 shows the Cypher query which will be passed on to Neo4j “MATCH (n) WHERE id(n) = 1 RETURN n”, which means “show me all nodes with the ID n where n = 1.” Row 27 shows the redirection of the output to the console as seen in Fig. 6. This output is visible to the user.
Neo4j console
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Kaltenrieder, P., Parra, J., Krebs, T., Zurlinden, N., Portmann, E., Myrach, T. (2019). A Dynamic Route Planning Prototype for Cognitive Cities. In: Portmann, E., Tabacchi, M., Seising, R., Habenstein, A. (eds) Designing Cognitive Cities. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 176. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00317-3_10
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