Abstract
In the concluding chapter, we reflect on how the choice to migrate and the experiences of migration have affected the young migrants’ life trajectories and how they have intersected with their transition to adulthood. We conclude the theme of transitions focusing specifically on marriage and of alternative ways of becoming an adult woman that emerge in the context of migration. Second, we locate our conclusions in the discussion of how the gender order has had profound effects on the decision, experiences and consequences of migration for the girls and their families in the three case studies. In the chapter, we look specifically at social relations and at gender norms using a life-course and generational analysis. Finally, we conclude by reflecting on whether migration is a good option for girls.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Agarwal, S., Jones, E., & Verma, S. (2016). Migrant Adolescent Girls in Urban Slums India: Aspirations, Opportunities and Challenges. Indian Journal Youth Adolescent Health, 3(4), 8–21.
Austin, J., & Willard, M. N. (1998). Introduction: Angels of History, Demons of Culture. In J. Austin & M. N. Willard (Eds.), Generations of Youth: Youth Cultures and History in Twentieth-Century America (pp. 1–20). New York: New York University Press.
Bailey, A. (2009). Population Geography: Life Course Matters. Progress in Human Geography, 33(3), 407–418.
Belloni, M. (2015). Cosmologies of Destinations: Routes and Routes of Eritrean Forced Migration to Europe. Ph.D. thesis, University of Trento, Trento.
Bernal, V. (2001). From Warriors to Wives: Contradictions of Liberation and Development in Eritrea. Northeast African Studies, 8(3), 129–154.
Borlagden, J. (2015). Inequality and 21-Year-Olds’ Negotiation of Uncertain Transitions to Employment: A Bourdieusian Approach. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(7), 839–854.
Brettell, C. (2002). Gendered Lives: Transitions and Turning Points in Person, Family, and Historical Time. Current Anthropology, 43(S4), S45–S61.
Bucholtz, M. (2002). Youth and Cultural Practice. Annual Review of Anthropology, 3(1), 525–552.
Camfield, L., & Tafere, Y. (2011). Community Understandings of Childhood Transitions in Ethiopia: Different for Girls? Children’s Geographies, 9(2), 247–262.
Chuta, N., & Morrow, V. (2015). Youth Trajectories Through Work and Marriage in Rural Ethiopia (Young Lives Working Paper No. 135). Oxford: Young Lives, University of Oxford.
Coleman, J. C. (2010). The Nature of Adolescence. Abingdon: Routledge.
Crivello, G. (2009). “Becoming Somebody”: Youth Transitions Through Education and Migration in Peru (Young Lives Working Paper No. 43). Oxford: Young Lives, University of Oxford.
Derks, A. (2008). Khmer Women on the Move: Exploring Work and Life in Urban Cambodia. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
Dore, G. (2002). Donne del Fronte eritreo: sessualità e gestione del corpo dalla guerra al rientro nella società civile. “ERREFFE. La Ricerca Folklorica”, 46, 73–82.
Du Bois-Reymond, M., & López Blasco, A. (2003). Yo-yo Transitions and Misleading Trajectories: Towards Integrated Transition Policies for Young Adults in Europe. In A. LópezBlasco, W. McNeish, & A. Walther (Eds.), Young People and Contradictions of Inclusion: Towards Integrated Transition Policies in Europe. Oxford: Policy Press.
Gardner, K. (2009). Lives in Motion: The Life-Course, Movement and Migration in Bangladesh. Journal of South Asian Development, 4(2), 229–251.
Guo, M., Chow, N. W. S., & Palinka, L. A. (2011). Circular Migration and Life Course of Female Domestic Workers in Beijing. Asian Population Studies, 7(1), 51–67.
Guyer, J. L. (2007). Prophecy and the Near Future: Thoughts on Macroeconomic, Evangelical, and Punctuated Time. American Ethnologist, 33(3), 409–421.
Hall, S. (1991). Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities. In Anthony D. King (Ed.), Culture, Globalization and the World System. Macmillan.
Hall, S. (1996). Who Needs Identity? In S. Hall & P. DuGay (Eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 1–17). London: Sage.
Hertrich, V., & Lesclingand, M. (2012). Adolescent Migration and the 1990s Nuptiality Transition in Mali. Population Studies, 66(2), 47–166.
Hörschelmann, K. (2011). Theorising Life Transitions: Geographical Perspectives. Area, 43(4), 378–383.
Horst, C., & Grabska, K. (2015). Flight and Exile: Uncertainty in the Context of Conflict-Induced Displacement. Social Analysis, 59(1), 1–18.
Huijsmans, R. (2014). Gender, Masculinity, and Safety in the Changing Lao-Thai Migration Landscape. In T.-D. Truong, D. Gasper, J. Handmaker, & S. I. Bergh (Eds.), Migration, Gender and Social Justice: Perspectives on Human Security (pp. 333–349). Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, and London: Springer.
Huijsmans, R. (Ed.). (2016). Generationing Development: A relational Approach to Children, Youth and Development. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Huijsmans, R. (2017). Children and Young People in Migration: A Relational Approach. In C. Ní Laoire, A. White, & T. Skelton (Eds.), Movement, Mobilities and Journeys (Vol. 6, pp. 45–66). Singapore: Springer.
Jacquemin, M. (2011). Migrations juvéniles féminines de travail en Côte d’Ivoire. Journal des Africanistes, 8(1), 61–86.
Kabeer, N. (2000). Inter-generational Contracts Demographic Transitions and the Quantity–Quality Tradeoff: Parents, Children and Investing in the Future. Journal of International Development, 12(4), 463–482.
King, R., & Williams, A. M. (2018). Editorial Introduction: New European Youth Mobilities. Population, Space, Place, 24, 1–9.
Monsutti, A. (2007). Migration as a Rite of Passage: Young Afghans Building Masculinity and Adulthood in Iran. Iranian Studies, 40(2), 167–185.
Moore, H. (1994). A Passion for Difference: Essays in Anthropology and Gender. Polity Press: London.
Montgomery, M. R., Balk, D., Liu, Z., Agarwal, S., Jones, E., & Adamo, S. (2016). Urban Migration of Adolescent Girls: Quantitative Results from Developing Countries. In J. Michael (Ed.), International Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution (pp.573–604). Dordrecht: Springer.
Osella, F., & Osella, C. (2000). Migration, Money and Masculinity in Kerala. Royal Anthropological Institute, 6, 117–133.
Ossman, S. (2013). Moving Matters: Paths of Serial Migration. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Pine, F. (2014). Migration as Hope: Space, Time, and Imagining the Future. Current Anthropology, 55(S9), 95–104.
Punch, S. (2002). Youth Transitions and Interdependent Adult–Child Relations in Rural Bolivia. Journal of Rural Studies, 18(2), 123–133.
Punch, S. (2015). Possibilities for Learning Between Childhoods and Youth in the Minority and Majority Worlds: Youth Transitions as an Example of Cross-World Dialogue. In J. Wynand & H. Cahill (Eds.), Handbook of Children and Youth Studies (pp. 689–701). Singapore: Springer.
Punch, S. (2016). Exploring Children’s Agency Across Majority and Minority World Contexts. In F. Esser, M. S. Baader, T. Betz, & B. Hunderland (Eds.), Reconceptualising Agency and Childhood: New Perspectives in Childhood Studies (pp. 183–196). Abingdon: Routledge.
Temin, M., Montgomery, M. R., Engebretsen, S., & Barker, K. M. (2013). Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls and Migration in the Developing World. A Girls Count Report on Adolescent Girls. New York, NY: Population Council.
Walther, A., Plug, W., Du Bois‐Reymond, M., & Chisolm, L. (2006). Transitions from School to Work in Europe: Destandardization and Policy Trends. New Directions in Child and Adolescent Development, X(113), 77–90.
White, S., & Choudhury, S. (2010). Children’s Participation in Bangladesh: Issues of Agency and Structures of Violence. In B. Percy-Smith & N. Thomas (Eds.), A Handbook of Children and Young People’s Participation (pp. 39–50). London: Routledge.
Whitehead, A. (1979). Some Preliminary Notes on the Subordination of Women. IDS Bulletin, 10(3), 10–13.
Worth, N. (2009). Understanding Youth Transitions as a ‘Becoming’: Identity, Time and Futurity. Geoforum, 40(6), 1050–1060.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grabska, K., de Regt, M., Del Franco, N. (2019). Transitions and Transformations. In: Adolescent Girls' Migration in The Global South. Palgrave Studies on Children and Development. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00093-6_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00093-6_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00092-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00093-6
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)