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Springer Handbook of Microscopy pp 1391–1450Cite as

Microscopy of Nanoporous Crystals

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Abstract

Nanoporous crystals are widely studied and used for applications in \(\mathrm{H_{2}}\) storage, \(\mathrm{CO_{2}}\) capture, petrochemical catalysis and many other applications, yet the imaging of their atomic structure has proven difficult because of their radiation sensitivity and the small size of these microcrystals. This chapter describes the development of the new modes of electron microscopy needed to study them, and compares these with traditional methods such as x-ray diffraction. This class of materials has traditionally been dominated by the zeolites and zeotype materials, but has recently been expanded to include meso-/macroporous crystals and other new framework structures (MOFs, ZIFs COFs, etc.). Using different building blocks or units, versatile crystal structures have been synthesized for various applications. Their properties and functions are governed primarily by periodic arrangements of pores and/or cavities and their surroundings with various atomic moieties inside crystals. In this chapter, electron microscopy studies of nanoporous materials are discussed from different perspectives. Special attention is paid to the observation of fine defect structures, through careful analysis of electron diffraction, high-resolution images and spectroscopy data. The experimental conditions for imaging beam-sensitive materials, such as MOFs, are described. The contents have been divided into sections based on the types of materials and their geometric features. Examples of structure analysis of various nanoporous materials are given and discussed. New technical developments and existing challenges are described.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program (17PJ1406400), Shanghai Natural Science Fund (17ZR1418600), the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program By CAST (2017QNRC001) (Y.M.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21571128, the National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China 201454, and the Shanghai Rising Star Program 17QA1401700 (L.H.), JST (Japan), VR and Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden) and Foreign Expert Recruiting Program (China) (O.T.). This work is partially supported by CℏEM, SPST, ShanghaiTech under the grant #EM02161943 (Y.M., A.M., P.O. and O.T.). O.T. acknowledges Sir John Meurig Thomas for introducing and guiding him to his fascinating field, the structural study of nanostructured materials by electron crystallography and imaging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China

    Yanhang Ma

  2. Dept. of Mathematics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

    Lu Han

  3. Inorganic Functional Materials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya, Japan

    Zheng Liu

  4. School of Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China

    Alvaro Mayoral

  5. Institute of Catalysis and Petroleum Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Isabel Díaz

  6. Dept. of Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China

    Peter Oleynikov

  7. Dept. of Crystaline Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Tetsu Ohsuna

  8. Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

    Yu Han

  9. Gatan, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA

    Ming Pan

  10. College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China

    Yihan Zhu

  11. Physical Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan

    Yasuhiro Sakamoto

  12. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Shunai Che

  13. Centre for High-resolution Electron Microscopy, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China

    Osamu Terasaki

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  1. Yanhang Ma
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  2. Lu Han
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  13. Osamu Terasaki
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Correspondence to Osamu Terasaki .

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  1. CEMES-CNRS, Toulouse, France

    Peter W. Hawkes

  2. Dept. of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    John C. H. Spence

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Ma, Y. et al. (2019). Microscopy of Nanoporous Crystals. In: Hawkes, P.W., Spence, J.C.H. (eds) Springer Handbook of Microscopy. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00069-1_29

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