Skip to main content

Comparing SLAs for Cloud Services: A Model for Reasoning

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 909))

Abstract

Nowadays cloud services are gaining their momentum. A Service Level Agreement (SLA) represents an agreement between a service provider and a customer for a particular service provision. Cloud providers and services are often selected more dynamically than in traditional IT services. Hence, services need to be compared according both to technical aspects and the promised SLAs, but no widely accepted model, standard or best practice, that would lead to a more rigorous SLA comparison, are currently available. In this paper, we present a conceptualization of SLAs including the explicit modeling of formulas for service level indicators, and its corresponding open, reusable ontological representation. On its top, we provide operators for analysis and comparison of SLAs, relying on a reasoning framework in Logic Programming capable to manipulate indicator formulas and other SLA features. We provide an evaluation by considering a cloud scenario where several SLAs have to be compared.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-profiles/.

  2. 2.

    Classes with namespace ‘KPI’ belong to the KPIOnto data model.

References

  1. Longo, A., Zappatore, M., Bochicchio, M.A., Livieri, B., Guarino, N., Napoleone, D.: Cloud for Europe: the experience of a tenderer. In: 2016 30th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), pp. 153–158. IEEE (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pudasaini, D., Ding, C.: Service selection in a cloud marketplace: a multi-perspective solution. In: 2017 IEEE 10th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), pp. 576–583, June 2017

    Google Scholar 

  3. del–Río–Ortega, A., Gutiérrez, A.M., Durán, A., Resinas, M., Ruiz–Cortés, A.: Modelling service level agreements for business process outsourcing services. In: Zdravkovic, J., Kirikova, M., Johannesson, P. (eds.) CAiSE 2015. LNCS, vol. 9097, pp. 485–500. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19069-3_30

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Alkandari, F., Paige, R.F.: Modelling and comparing cloud computing service level agreements. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering for High Performance and CLoud Computing, MDHPCL 2012, pp. 3:1–3:6. ACM, New York (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Liu, F., et al.: NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture: Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Special Publication 500-292). CreateSpace, USA (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Van der Wees, A., Catteddu, D., Luna, J., Edwards, M., Schifano, N., Scoca, L.M.: Cloud service level agreement standardisation guidelines. Technical report, C-Sig Sla (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kecskemeti, G., Kertesz, A., Nemeth, Z. (eds.): Developing Interoperable and Federated Cloud. IGI-Global, Hershey (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Maarouf, A., Marzouk, A., Haqiq, A.: A review of SLA specification languages in the cloud computing. In: 2015 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications (SITA), pp. 1–6, October 2015

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mubeen, S., Asadollah, S.A., Papadopoulos, A.V., Ashjaei, M., Pei-Breivold, H., Behnam, M.: Management of service level agreements for cloud services in IoT: a systematic mapping study. IEEE Access 99, 1 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tosic, V., Patel, K., Pagurek, B.: WSOL — web service offerings language. In: Bussler, C., Hull, R., McIlraith, S., Orlowska, M.E., Pernici, B., Yang, J. (eds.) WES 2002. LNCS, vol. 2512, pp. 57–67. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36189-8_5

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Ludwig, H., Keller, A., Dan, A., King, R.P., Franck, R.: Web Service Level Agreement (WSLA) Language Specification, v1.0, January 2003

    Google Scholar 

  12. Heiko, L., Dan, A., Kearney, R.: Cremona: an architecture and library for creation and monitoring of WS-agreements. In: 2nd International Conference on Service Oriented Computing (ICSOC 04), pp. 65–74. ACM (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kearney, K.T., Torelli, F., Kotsokalis, C.: SLA\(\star \): an abstract syntax for service level agreements. In: 2010 11th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing, pp. 217–224, October 2010

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kouki, Y., de Oliveira, F.A., Dupont, S., Ledoux, T.: A language support for cloud elasticity management. In: 2014 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, pp. 206–215, May 2014

    Google Scholar 

  15. Uriarte, R.B., Tiezzi, F., Nicola, R.D.: SLAC: a formal service-level-agreement language for cloud computing. In: 2014 IEEE/ACM 7th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing, pp. 419–426, December 2014

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tata, S., Mohamed, M., Sakairi, T., Mandagere, N., Anya, O., Ludwig, H.: rSLA: a service level agreement language for cloud services. In: 2016 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), pp. 415–422, June 2016

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bellini, P., Bruno, I., Cenni, D., Nesi, P.: Managing cloud via smart cloud engine and knowledge base. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 78(Part 1), 142–154 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Diamantini, C., Potena, D., Storti, E.: SemPI: a semantic framework for the collaborative construction and maintenance of a shared dictionary of performance indicators. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 54, 352–365 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Buswell, S., Caprotti, O., Carlisle, D.P., Dewar, M.C., Gaetano, M., Kohlhase, M.: The open math standard. Technical report, version 2.0, The Open Math Society (2004). http://www.openmath.org/standard/om20

  20. Gray, J., et al.: Data cube: a relational aggregation operator generalizing group-by, cross-tab, and sub-totals. Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 1(1), 29–53 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Diamantini, C., Potena, D., Storti, E.: Extended drill-down operator: digging into the structure of performance indicators. Concurrency Comput. Pract. Exp. 28(15), 3948–3968 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Sterling, L., Bundy, A., Byrd, L., O’Keefe, R., Silver, B.: Solving symbolic equations with PRESS. J. Symb. Comput. 7(1), 71–84 (1989)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Gruber, T.R.: Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing? Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 43(5), 907–928 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emanuele Storti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Longo, A., Potena, D., Storti, E., Zappatore, M., De Matteis, A. (2018). Comparing SLAs for Cloud Services: A Model for Reasoning. In: Benczúr, A., et al. New Trends in Databases and Information Systems. ADBIS 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 909. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00063-9_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00063-9_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00062-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00063-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics