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Calcium Phosphates: A Survey of the Orthopaedic Literature

  • Chapter
Fifteen Years of Clinical Experience with Hydroxyapatite Coatings in Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract

For over two decades, calcium phosphates have been the focus of many laboratory and clinical investigations (1–8). Particular interest has surrounded calcium hydroxyapatite (HA), a naturally occurring calcium phosphate present in tooth enamel and vertebrate bone. In the early 1980’s, the dental community began using HA blocks and coatings to augment bone and encourage fixation in restorative dental procedures ; the chemical stability and excellent biocompatibility of HA made it an attractive material choice (1, 5, 9, 10). Subsequently, the orthopaedic community investigated and began using HA for bone defect obliteration and as an implant coating, with encouraging results (3, 11, 12). More recently, attention has been given to biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP), which combine HA and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in different ratios. Solid, porous, and granular forms of HA and BCP materials have been employed for filling defects (13–16). Current studies involving the use of block HA as a drug delivery system and the use of HA with either bone cement or growth factors all show promise, as do HA composite materials, such as BCP (17–19).

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Authors
  1. Michael T. Manley PhD
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  2. Kate Sutton MA
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  3. John Dumbleton DSci, PhD
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Manley, M.T., Sutton, K., Dumbleton, J. (2004). Calcium Phosphates: A Survey of the Orthopaedic Literature. In: Fifteen Years of Clinical Experience with Hydroxyapatite Coatings in Joint Arthroplasty. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0851-2_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0851-2_2

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