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Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis pp 283–306Cite as

Tumor Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis: Microenvironmental Soil for Tumor Progression and Metastatic Dissemination

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Abstract

Growing tumors induce changes in their microenvironments that support tumor growth and cancer cell spreading to distant organs. One major change is the induction of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which are the formation of new blood or lymphatic vessels from preexisting ones, respectively. Metastasis is the main cause of death for cancer patients, and in order to metastasize, tumor cells must first migrate toward blood or lymphatic vessels and intravasate into these vessels. Newly formed tumor blood vessels display incomplete basement membrane, loosely associated pericytes, and leaky cell–cell junctions. The resulting hyperpermeability of tumor blood vessels facilitates tumor intravasation and creates a microenvironment characterized by hypoxia, acidity, and a high interstitial fluid pressure. These abnormalities affect immune cell infiltration, survival, and function favoring tumor growth. The rise of the interstitial fluid pressure leads to an increase of the draining flow from the tumor to the draining lymph node enhancing the attraction of tumor cells toward lymphatic vessels as well as their dissemination into the sentinel lymph node. The entry of tumor cells into lymphatic vessels is favored by chemokine gradients and by the architecture of these vessels. Both lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis not only occur at the primary site but also at the metastatic sites allowing the development of tumor cells at the secondary site. Nowadays, lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis are clearly considered as therapeutic targets to prevent tumor growth and metastasis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23) Sart Tilman, Avenue de l’Hôpital 3, B-4000, Liège, Belgium

    Jenny Paupert, Maureen Van De Velde & Agnès Noël

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium

    Frédéric Kridelka

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  1. Jenny Paupert
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  2. Maureen Van De Velde
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  3. Frédéric Kridelka
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  4. Agnès Noël
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Correspondence to Agnès Noël .

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  1. UMR 1036, Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France

    Jean-Jacques Feige

  2. Institute for Research on Cancer and aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

    Gilles Pagès

  3. CNRS UMR8161, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France

    Fabrice Soncin

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Paupert, J., Van De Velde, M., Kridelka, F., Noël, A. (2014). Tumor Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis: Microenvironmental Soil for Tumor Progression and Metastatic Dissemination. In: Feige, JJ., Pagès, G., Soncin, F. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0466-8_13

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