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Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Cardiovascular Ischemic Diseases: Characterization, Functions, and Potential Clinical Applications

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Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis

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Abstract

In the setting of ischemia, the vascular compartment undergoes complex molecular and cellular changes that determine the range of perfusion recovery within the ischemic tissue. In patients with ischemic diseases, most of the pathways involved in the activation of vessel growth and vascular remodeling are markedly impaired by the deleterious microenvironment associated with tissue ischemia. Furthermore, cardiovascular risk factors constitute an inhibitory environment that participates in the abrogation of postischemic revascularization observed in these patient populations. Thus, stimulation of vessel growth and/or remodeling has emerged as a new therapeutic option in patients with ischemic diseases. In particular, strategies based on the administration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), or cell population thought to contain these vascular progenitor cells, have been shown to augment neovascularization in experimental models of ischemia and in patients with cardiovascular ischemic diseases. However, the precise origin and identity of these bona fide EPCs are controversial. Given the potential usefulness of EPCs as a cell therapy product, their thorough characterization and a deep understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in their proangiogenic capacities are of major importance. This chapter provides an overview from our current knowledge regarding characterization, methods of ex vivo expansion and signaling pathways triggered by EPCs in postischemic revascularization, as well as advances in EPC clinical applications not only as a strategy of therapeutic revascularization but also as a putative biomarker in cardiovascular diseases.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Maud Barrandon for editing Fig. 11.1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France

    David M. Smadja, Bernard I. Lévy & Jean-Sébastien Silvestre

  2. Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM UMRS 765, Paris, France

    David M. Smadja

  3. AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France

    David M. Smadja, Bernard I. Lévy & Jean-Sébastien Silvestre

  4. PARCC, INSERM UMRS 970, Paris, France

    Bernard I. Lévy & Jean-Sébastien Silvestre

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  1. David M. Smadja
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  2. Bernard I. Lévy
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  3. Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
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Correspondence to Jean-Sébastien Silvestre .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. UMR 1036, Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France

    Jean-Jacques Feige

  2. Institute for Research on Cancer and aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

    Gilles Pagès

  3. CNRS UMR8161, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France

    Fabrice Soncin

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Grants

This work was supported by Inserm and University Paris Descartes (D.M.S, B.L, J-S.S), Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (J.S.S.), ANR Chemrepair 2010-BLAN112702 (J-S.S), and Fondation Leducq Transatlantic Network (J-S.S).

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No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.

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Smadja, D.M., Lévy, B.I., Silvestre, JS. (2014). Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Cardiovascular Ischemic Diseases: Characterization, Functions, and Potential Clinical Applications. In: Feige, JJ., Pagès, G., Soncin, F. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0466-8_11

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