Abstract
With regard to patient selection for PNL, planning of percutaneous access, intraoperative guidance and postoperative evaluation of potential complications and stone-free status, imaging plays a crucial role. In this chapter the role of current imaging modalities is discussed, and focus is made on how appropriate imaging studies may lead to safe and efficacious percutaneous renal surgery. The role of the various preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative imaging tools is discussed. Furthermore, possible future scenarios with regard to imaging in PNL are briefly touched.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Park S, Pearle MS (2006) Imaging for percutaneous renal access and management of renal calculi. Urol Clin North Am 33:353–364
Jackman SV, Potter SR, Regan F, Jarrett TW (2000) Plain abdominal X-ray versus computerized tomography screening: sensitivity for stone localization after non-enhanced spiral computerized tomography. J Urol 164:308–310
Ray AA, Chung D-G, Honey JD (2009) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in prone and prone-flexed positions: anatomic considerations. J Endourol 23:1607–1614
Honey JD, Wiesenthal JD, Ghiculette D, Pace SP, Ray AA, Pace KT (2011) Comparison of supracostal versus infracostal percutaneous nephrolithotomy using the novel prone-flexed position. J Endourol 25:947–954
Miller OF, Rineer SK, Reichard SR, Buckley RG, Donovan SM, Graham IR, Goff WB, Kane CJ (1998) Prospective comparison of unenhanced spiral computed tomography and intravenous urogram in the evaluation of acute flank pain. Urology 52:982–987
Pfister SA, Deckhart A, Laschke S, Dellas S, Otto U, Buitrago C, Roth J, Wiesner W, Bontgartz G, Gasser TC (2003) Unenhanced helical computed tomography vs intravenous urography in patients with acute flank pain: accuracy and economic impact in a randomized prospective trial. Eur Radiol 13:2513–2520
Shine S (2008) Urinary calculus IVU vs. CT renal stone? A critical appraised topic. Comput Biol Med 33:41–43
Patel U, Walkden RM, Ghani KR, Anson K (2009) Three-dimensional CT pyelography for planning of percutaneous nephrolithotomy: accuracy of stone measurement, stone depiction and pelvicalyceal reconstruction. Eur Radiol 19:1280–1288
Nolte-Emsting C, Cowan N (2006) Understanding multislice CT urography techniques: many roads lead to Rome. Eur Radiol 16:2670–2686
Thiruchelvam N, Mostafid H, Ubhayakar G (2005) Planning percutaneous nephrolithotomy using multidetector computed tomography urography, multiplanar reconstruction and three-dimensional reformatting. BJU Int 95:1280–1284
Scoffone CM, Cracco CM, Cossu M, Grande S, Poggio M, Scarpa RM (2008) Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position: a new standard for percutaneous nephrolithotomy? Eur Urol 54:1393–1403
Heyns CF, van Geldern WF (1990) 3-dimensional imaging of the pelvicalyceal system by computerized tomographic reconstruction. J Urol 144:1335–1338
Osther PJ, Razvi H, Liatsikos E, Averch T, Crisci A, Garcia JL, Mandal A, de la Rosette JJ (2011) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy among patients with renal anomalies: patient characteristics and outcomes; a subgroup analysis of the clinical research office of the endourological society global percutaneous nephrolithotomy study. J Endourol 25:1627–1632
Graumann O, Osther SS, Spasojevic D, Osther PJ (2012) Can the CT planning image determine whether a kidney stone is radiopaque on a plain KUB? Urol Res 40:333–337
Kalb B, Sharma P, Salman K, Ogan K, Martin DR (2010) Acute abdominal pain: is there a potential role for MRI in the setting of the emergency department in a patient with renal calculi? J Magn Reson Imaging 32:1012–1023
Hopper KD, Sherman JL, Lurthke JM, Ghaed N (1987) The retrorenal colon in the supine and prone patient. Radiology 162:443–446
Chalasani V, Bissoon D, Bhuvanagir AK, Mizzi A, Dunn IB (2010) Should PCNL patients have a CT in the prone position preoperatively? Can J Urol 17:5082–5086
Azhar RA, Szymanski KM, Lemercier E, Valenti D, Andonian S, Anidjar M (2011) Visceral organ-to-percutaneous tract distance is shorter when patients are placed in the prone position on bolsters compared with the supine position. J Endourol 25:687–690
Tuttle DN, Yeh BM, Meng MV, Breiman RS, Stoller ML, Coakley FV (2005) Risk of injury to adjacent organs with lower-pole fluoroscopically guided percutaneous nephrostomy: evaluation with prone, supine, and multiplanar reformatted CT. J Vasc Interv Radiol 16:1489–1492
Ng CS, Herts BR, Streem SB (2005) Percutaneous access to upper pole renal stones: role of prone 3-dimensional computerized tomography in inspiratory and expiratory phases. J Urol 173:124–126
Zarse CA, Hameed TA, Jackson ME, Pischalnikov YA, Lingemen JE, McAteer JA, Williams JC Jr (2007) CT visible internal stone structure, but not Hounsfield unit value, of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) calculi predicts lithotripsy fragility in vitro. Urol Res 35:201–206
Kim SC, Burns EK, Lingeman JE, Paterson RF, McAteer JA, Williams JC Jr (2007) Cystine calculi: correlation of CT-visible structure, CT number, and stone morphology with fragmentation by shock wave lithotripsy. Urol Res 35:319–324
Evans HJ, Wollin TA (2001) The management of urinary calculi in pregnancy. Curr Opin Urol 11:379–384
Kalogeropoulou C, Kallidonis P, Liatsikos EN (2009) Imaging in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Endourol 23:1571–1577
Ko R, Soucy F, Denstedt JD, Razvi H (2007) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy made easier: a practical guide, tips and tricks. BJU Int 101:535–539
Ibarluzea G, Scoffone CM, Cracco CM, Poggio M, Porpiglia F, Terrone C, Astobieta A, Camargo I, Gamarra M, Tempia A, Valdivia Uria JG, Scarpa RM (2007) Supine Valdivia and modified lithotomy position for simultaneous anterograde and retrograde endourological access. BJU Int 100:233–236
Eisner BH, Cloyd J, Stoller ML (2009) Lower-pole fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous renal access: which calix is posterior? J Endourol 23:1621–1625
Osman M, Wendt-Nordahl G, Heger K, Michel MS, Alken P, Knoll T (2005) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy with ultrasonography-guided renal access: experience from over 300 cases. BJU Int 96:875–878
Ghani KR, Patel U, Anson K (2009) Computed tomography for percutaneous access. J Endourol 23:1633–1639
Magnusson A, Radecka E, Lönnemark M, Raland H (2005) Computed-tomography-guided punctures using a new guidance device. Acta Radiol 46:505–509
Hellawell GO, Mutch SJ, Thevendran G, Wells E, Morgan RJ (2005) Radiation exposure and the urologist: what are the risks? J Urol 174:948–952
Ogan K, Corwin SC, Smith T, Watumull LM, Mullican MA, Cadeddu JA, Pearle MS (2003) Sensitivity of chest fluoroscopy compared with chest CT and chest radiography for diagnosing hydropneumothorax in association with percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. Urology 62:988–992
Traxer O (2009) Management of injury to the bowel during percutaneous stone removal. J Endourol 23:1777–1780
Goswami AK, Shrivatava P, Mukherjee A, Sharma SK (2001) Management of colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidney. J Endourol 15:989–991
Valdivia JG, Scarpa RM, Duvdevani M, Gross AJ, Nadler RB, Nutahare K, de la Rosette JJ (2011) Supine versus prone position during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a report from the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Global Study. J Endourol 25:1619–1625
Jain V, Ganpule A, Vyas J, Muthu V, Sabnis MRB, Rajapurkar MM, Desai MR (2009) Management of non-neoplastic renal hemorrhage by transarterial embolization. Urology 74:522–527
Lu M-H, Pu X-Y, Gao X, Zhou X-F, Qiu J-G, Si-Tu J (2010) A comparative study of clinical value of single B-mode ultrasound guidance and B-mode combined with color doppler ultrasound guidance in mini-invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy to decrease hemorrhagic complications. Urology 76:815–820
Portis AJ, Laliberte MA, Drake S, Holtz C, Rosenberg MS, Bretzke CA (2006) Intraoperative fragment detection during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: evaluation of high magnification rotational fluoroscopy combined with aggressive nephroscopy. J Urol 175:162–166
Gettman MT, Pearle MS (2000) Evaluation of residual stones following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Braz J Urol 26:579–583
Preminger GM (1999) Editorial comment. J Urol 162:314
Denstedt JD, Clayman RV, Picus DD (1991) Comparison of endoscopic and radiological residual fragment rate following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol 145:703–705
Pearle MS, Watamull LM, Mullican MA (1999) Sensitivity of noncontrast helical computerized tomography and plain film radiography compared to flexible nephroscopy for detecting residual fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol 162:23–26
Park J, Hong B, Park T, Park HK (2007) Effectiveness of noncontrast computed tomography in evaluation of residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Endourol 21:684–687
Osman Y, El-Tabey N, Rafai H, Elnahas A, Shoma A, Eraky I, Kenwy M, El-Kapany H (2008) Detection of residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: role of nonenhanced spiral computerized tomography. J Urol 179:198–200
Narepalem N, Sundaram C, Boridy IC, Yan Y, Heiken JP, Clayman RV (2002) Comparison of helical computerized tomography and plain radiography for estimating urinary stone size. J Urol 167:1235–1238
Tisdale BE, Siemens DR, Lysack J, Nolan RL, Wilson JW (2007) Correlation of CT scan versus plain radiography for measuring urinary stone dimensions. Can J Urol 14:3489–3492
Fowler KAB, Locken JA, Duchesne JH, Williamson MR (2002) US for detecting renal calculi with nonenhanced CT as a reference standard. Radiology 222:109–133
Ulusan S, Koc Z, Tokmak N (2007) Accuracy of sonography for detecting renal stone: comparison with CT. J Clin Ultrasound 35:256–261
Ferrandino MN, Bagrodia A, Pierre SA, Scales CD, Rampersaud E, Pearle MS, Preminger GM (2009) Radiation exposure in the acute and short term management of urolithiasisat 2 academic centers. J Urol 181:668–673
Hyams ES, Shah O (2010) Evaluation and follow-up of patients with urinary lithiasis: minimizing radiation exposure. Curr Urol Rep 11:80–86
Boctor EM, Choti MA, Burdette EC, Webster RJ (2008) Three-dimensional ultrasound-guided robotic needle placement: an experimental evaluation. Int J Med Robot Comput Assist Surg 4:180–191
Mozer P, Conort P, Leroy A, Baumann M, Payan Y, Troccaz J, Chartier-Kastler E, Richard F (2007) Aid to percutaneous renal access by virtual projection of the ultrasound puncture tract onto fluoroscopic images. J Endourol 21:460–465
de la Rosette JJMCH, Laguna MP, Rassweiler JJ, Conort P (2008) Training in percutaneous nephrolithotomy – a critical review. Eur Urol 54:994–1003
Gupta R, Cheung AC, Bartling SH, Lisauskas J, Grasruck M, Leidecker C, Schmidt B, Flohr T, Brady TJ (2008) Flat-panel volume CT: fundamental principles, technology, and applications. Radiographics 28:2009–2022
Su L-M, Stoianovici D, Jarrett TW, Patriciu A, Roberts WW, Caddeddu JA, Ramakumar SY, Solomon SB, Kavoussi LR (2002) Robotic percutaneous access to the kidney: comparison with standard manual access. J Endourol 16:471–475
Challacombe B, Patriciu A, Glass J, Aron M, Jarrett T, Kim F, Pinto P, Stoianovici D, Smeeton N, Tiptaft R, Kavoussi L, Dasgupta P (2005) A randomized controlled trial versus robotic and telerobotic access to the kidney as the first step in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Comput Aided Surg 10:165–171
Hernandez DJ, Sinkov VA, Roberts WW, Allaf ME, Patriciu A, Jarrett TW, Kavoussi LR, Stoianovici D (2001) Measurement of bio-impedance with a smart needle to confirm percutaneous kidney access. J Urol 166:1520–1523
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag France
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Osther, S.S., Osther, P.J.S. (2014). Imaging in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. In: Scoffone, C., Hoznek, A., Cracco, C. (eds) Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and ECIRS. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0459-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0459-0_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Paris
Print ISBN: 978-2-8178-0359-3
Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0459-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)