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Hypertension intracrânienne en réanimation pédiatrique

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Book cover Réanimation pédiatrique

Part of the book series: Le point sur … ((POINT))

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Résumé

De nombreuses pathologies « médicales » (encéphalopathie anoxique, infections du système nerveux central, troubles métaboliques, hydrocéphalie de cause congénitale ou acquise, pathologie tumorale ou vasculaire…), même si l’atteinte neurologique n’est pas toujours au premier plan, peuvent s’accompagner d’une hypertension intracrânienne (HTIC), quelle qu’en soit la cause, et conduire les enfants en réanimation [1]. L’HTIC résulte de l’altération de la compliance cérébrale en relation avec la présence d’un œdème cérébral (vasogénique, cytotoxique ou interstitiel), d’un processus expansif intracrânien (extra- ou intraparenchymateux) ou de l’augmentation du volume sanguin cérébral ou de la quantité de LCR. Au cours d’une affection qui conduit à l’HTIC, plusieurs mécanismes peuvent s’associer [1]. La littérature est dominée par l’HTIC d’origine traumatique. L’objectif du réanimateur doit être de dépister cette HTIC et d’éviter l’évolution vers l’ischémie cérébrale en mettant en place un monitorage adapté et en instaurant un traitement spécifique. En effet, une proportion importante des enfants présentant une HTIC est prise en charge en dehors de structures spécialisées avec un accès limité aux avis neurochirurgicaux et à la mise en place d’un monitorage invasif [2].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département d’anesthésie réanimation et SAMU de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743, Paris, France

    C. Duracher Gout & G. Orliaguet

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  1. C. Duracher Gout
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  2. G. Orliaguet
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Correspondence to G. Orliaguet .

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Gout, C.D., Orliaguet, G. (2013). Hypertension intracrânienne en réanimation pédiatrique. In: Réanimation pédiatrique. Le point sur …. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0407-1_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0407-1_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-8178-0406-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0407-1

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