Résumé
En dépit de l’attention actuellement focalisée sur le réchauffement global et le terrorisme, une autre Némésis du genre humain, la surpopulation mondiale, est un problème en croissance lente qui devrait nécessiter notre constante attention. Elle reste un facteur majeur de déstabilisation du bien-être de chacun de nous, contribuant au réchauffement global en entrant directement en collision avec le niveau d’empreinte humaine de carbone, et creusant l’abîme de bien-être entre les pays développés et ceux en voie de développement. En plus des mesures socio-politiques, telles que la limitation de la taille des familles par des lois et la réduction du taux d’illettrisme chez les femmes, de nouvelles méthodes de contraception et une amélioration de la qualité et de la prévalence de celles déjà existantes sont d’une importance majeure. Manifestement, en dehors du préservatif et de la vasectomie, aucune méthode de contraception réversible moderne n’est encore accessible pour les hommes. En dépit de leur large utilisation, le préservatif et la vasectomie ne sont pas des méthodes optimales, en raison de la faible efficacité d’utilisation du préservatif et de l’absence de réversibilité de la vasectomie. Le bas niveau d’implication masculine dans la planification familiale est une vraie opportunité manquée dans nos tentatives de contrôler l’explosion de la population mondiale; aujourd’hui, la moitié des utilisateurs potentiels d’une contraception sont exclus.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Références
Anderson RA, Baird DT (2002) Male contraception. Endocrine Rev 23: 735–62
Heineinann K, Saad F, Wiesenies M et al. (2005) Attitudes toward male fertility control: results of a multinational survey on four continents. Hum Reprod 20: 549–56
Zhang L, Shah H, Liu Y et al. (2006) The acceptability of an injectable, once-a-month male contraceptive in China. Contraception 73: 548–53
Glasier AF, Anakwe R, Evaerington D et al. (2000) Would women trust their partners to use a male pill? Hum Reprod 15: 646–9
Nieschlag E (2009) Male Hormonal Contraception: Love’s labour’s lost? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 1890–2
Page ST, Amory JK, Bremner WJ (2008) Advances in male contraception. Endocrine Rev 29: 465–93
Huhtaniemi I (2010) A hormonal contraceptive for men: how close are we? Prog Brain Res 181: 273–89
Huhtaniemi I, Nikula H, Rannikko S (1985) Treatment of prostatic cancer with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analog: acute and long term effects on endocrine functions of testis tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 61: 698–704
Matthiesson KL, McLachlan RI (2006) Male hormonal contraception: concept proven, product in sight? Hum Reprod Update 12: 463–82
Zhang FP, Pakarainen T, Poutanen M et al. (2003) The low gonadotropinindependent constitutive production of testicular testosterone is sufficient to maintain spcrmatogcncsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 13692–7
Singh J, O’Neill C, Handelsman DJ (1995) Induction of spermatogenesis by androgens in gonadotropin-deficient (hpg) mice. Endocrinol 136: 5311–21
Zirkin BR, Santulli R, Awoniyi CA, Ewing LL (1989) Maintenance of advanced spermatogenic cells in the adult rat testis: quantitative relationship to testosterone concentration within the testis. Endocrinol 124: 3043–9
Anderson RA, Wallace AM, Wu FC (1996) Comparison between testosterone enanthateinduced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in a male contraceptive study. III. Higher 5 alpha-reductase activity in oligozoospermic men administrated supraphysiological doses of testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 902–8
Kinniburgh D, Anderson RA, Baird DT (2001) Suppression of spermatogenesis with desogestrel and testosterone pellets is not enhanced by addition of finasteride. J Androl 22: 88–95
Matthiesson KL, Stanton PG, O’Donnell L et al (2005) Effects of testosterone and levonorgestrel and testosterone combined with 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor or gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on spermatogenesis and intatesticular steroid levels in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 5647–55
Page ST, Kalhorn TF, Bremner WJ et al. (2007) Intatesticular androgens and spermatogenesis during severe gonadotropin suppression induced by male hormonal contraceptive treatment. J Androl 28: 734–41
Handelsman DJ, Farley TM, Peregoudoy A, Waites GM (1995) Factors in nonuniform induction of azoospermia by testosterone enanthate in normal men. WHO Task Force on Methods for the Regulation of Male Fertility. Fertil Steril 63: 125–33
Wallace AM, Gow SM, Wu FC (1993) Comparison between testosterone enanthateinduced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in a male contraceptive study. I. Plasma luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, estradiol, and inhibin concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77: 290–3
McLachlan RI, Robertson DM, Pruysers E et al. (2004) Relationship between serum gonadotropins and spermatogenensis in men undergoing steroidal contraceptive treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 142–9
Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Anawait BD, et al (2008) Determinants of the rate and extent of spermalogenic suppression during hormonal male contraception: an integrated analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 1774–83
Meriggiola MC, Bremner WJ, Paulsen CA, et al. (1996) A combined regimen of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate as a potentially highly effective male contraception. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 3018–23
Kornmann B, Nieschlag E, Zitzmann M et al. (2009) Body fat content and testosterone pharmacokinetics determine gonadotropin suppression after intramuscular injections of testosterone preparations in normal men. J Androl 30: 602–13
Eckardstein SV, Schmidt A, Kamischke A el al. (2002) GAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene and gonadotropin suppression influences the effectiveness of male contraception. Clin Endocrinol 57: 647–55
Yu B, Handelsman DJ (2001) Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms of the AR and metabolism and susceptibility to hormone-induced azoospermia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 4406–11
Amory JK, Page ST, Anawalt BD et al. (2007) Elevated end-of-treatment serum INSL3 is associated with failure to completely suppress spermatogenesis in inen receiving male hormonal contraception. J Androl 28: 548–54
Mortimers E, Kersemaekers WM, Elliesen J et al. (2008) Male hormonal contraception: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 2572–80
Bashin S, Woodhouse L, Storer TW (2001) Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol 170: 27–38
Herbst KL, Anawalt BD, Amory JK et al. (2003) The male contraceptive regimen of testosterone and levonorgestrel increases lean mass in healthy young men in 4 weeks, but attenuates a decrease in fat mass induced by testosterone alone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 1167–73
Zilzmann M, Erren M, Kamischke A et al. (2005) Endogenous progesterone and the exogenous progestin norethisterone enanthate are associated with proinflammatory profile in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 6603–8
Cooper CS, Maclndoe JH, Perry PJ et al. (1996) The effect of exogenous testosterone on total and Iree prostate specific antigen levels in healthy young men. J Urol 156: 438–41; discussion 441-2
Meriggiola MC, Costantino A, Saad F et al. (2005) Norethisterone enanthate plus testosterone enanthate for male contraception: effects of various injections intervals on spermatogenesis, reproductive hormones, testis, and prostate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 2005–14
Handelsman DJ, Wishart S, Conway AJ (2000) Oestradiol enhances testosteroneinduced suppression of spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod 15: 672–9
UNAIDS (2000) Condom social marketing: selected case studies. UNAIDS, Geneva
Ringheim K (1993) Factors that determine prevalence of use of contraceptive methods for men. Stud Fam Plann 24: 87–99
Hoodfar H (1995) Population policy and gender equity in post-revolutionary Iran. American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, Egypt
Hoodfar H (2000) The politics of population policy in the islamic republic of Iran. Stud Fam Plann 31: 19–34
Sethi N, Srivastava RK, Nath D, Singh RK (1991) Preclinical toxicity study of a male injectable antifertility agent (styrene maleic anhydride) in rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. J Med Primatol 20: 89–93
Chaudhury K, Bhattacharyya AK, Guha SK (2004) Studies on the membrane integrity of human sperm treated with a new injectable male contraceptive. Hum Reprod 19: 1826–30
Sharma U, Chaudhury K, Jagannalhan NR, Guha SK (2001) A proton NMR study of the effect of a new intravasal injectable male contraceptive RISUG on seminal plasma metabolites. Reproduction 122: 431–6
Manivannan B, Bhande SS, Panneerdoss S et al. (2005) Safety evaluation of long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride and its non-invasive reversal on accessory reproductive organs in langurs. Asian J Androl 7: 195–204
Guha SK, Singh G, Srivastava A et al. (1998) Two-year clinical efficacy trial with dose variations of a vas deferens injectable contraceptive for the male. Contraception 58: 165–74
Chaki SP, Das HO, Misro MM (2003) A short-term evaluation of semen and accessory sex gland function in phase III trial subjects receiving intravasal contraceptive RISUG. Contraception 67: 73–8
Shafik A (1991) Testicular suspension as a method of male contraception: technique and results. Adv Contr Deliv Syst VII: 269–79
Mieusset R, Bujan L (1994) the potential of mild testicular heating as a safe, effective and reversible contraceptive method for men. Int J Androl 17: 186–91
Shafik A (1992) contraceptive efficacy of polyester-induced azoospermia in normal men. Contraception 45: 439–51
Kopf GS (2008) Approaches to the identification of new nonhormonal targets for male contraception. Contraception 78: S18–22
Schultz N, Hamra FK, Garbers DL (2003) A multitude of genes expressed solely in meiotic or postmeiotic spermatogenic cells offers a myriad of contraceptive targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 12201–7
Naz RK, Engle A, None R (2009) Gene knockouts that affect male fertility: novel targets for contraception. Front Biosci 14: 3994–4007
Sipila P, Jalkanen J, Hutaniemi IT, Poutanen M (2009) Novel epididymal proteins as targets for the development of post-testicular male contraception. Reprod 137: 379–89
Mansour D, Inki P, Gemzell-Danielsson K (2010) Efficacy of contraceptive methods: a review of the literature. Eur J Contracep Reprod Healt Care 15: 4–16
Kamal R, Gupta RS, Lohiya NK (2003) Plants for male fertility regulation. Phytother Res 17: 579–90
Chung SW, Wang X, Roberts SS et al. (2011) Oral administration of a retinoic acid receptor antagonist reversibly inhibits spermatogenesis in mice. Endocrinol 152: 2492–502
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag France
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huhtaniemi, I., Mieusset, R. (2013). Le futur de la contraception masculine. In: La contraception masculine. L’homme dans tous ses états. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0346-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0346-3_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Paris
Print ISBN: 978-2-8178-0345-6
Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0346-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)