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Système immunitaire et infections nosocomiales

  • Chapter
Personnes âgées et réanimation

Part of the book series: Références en réanimation. Collection de la SRLF ((SRLF))

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Résumé

Les infections sont beaucoup plus fréquentes chez la personne âgée avec un taux de pneumopathies communautaires multiplié par trois, un taux d’infections urinaires vingt fois supérieur aux sujets plus jeunes. La plupart de ces infections sont dues à des bactéries pyogènes, notamment les pneumopathies, les infections urinaires, digestives, cutanées... Les infections virales sont plus rares comparativement sauf en ce qui concerne le virus influenza, le virus respiratoire syncytial, les réactivations du virus herpès-zona et les gastro-entérites virales. Non seulement l’incidence et la prévalence des infections sont augmentées avec l’âge mais également leur gravité avec une augmentation de la morbi-mortalité. Le taux d’infections bactériennes nosocomiales est élevé avec une augmentation du risque d’infection acquise rapportée au nombre de jour d’hospitalisation chez la personne âgée. Différents facteurs prédisposent les sujets âgés aux infections: les comorbidités telles que diabète, bronchopathie chronique obstructive, accidents vasculaires cérébraux, démences... favorisent ces infections, de même que le vieillissement du système immunitaire ou l’immunosénescence y contribue [1].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de réanimation, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 20-40 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris

    J.-Y. Fagon

  2. Service de gériatrie, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 20-40 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris

    M. Gisselbrecht

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Fagon, JY., Gisselbrecht, M. (2012). Système immunitaire et infections nosocomiales. In: Personnes âgées et réanimation. Références en réanimation. Collection de la SRLF. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0287-9_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0287-9_22

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