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Objective Signs

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Abstract

A close clinical examination of the stomatognathic system keeps a great value in patients who complain of pain and dysfunctions even far from the oral sphere. A diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) may be laid on according to some signs which from painful muscular palpation is the most important one. Moreover, a lingual dysfunction (swallowing, phonation, etc.) must be systematically investigated according to the little known but main role of the tongue in the oral functions with many repercussions beyond the mouth (posture, respiration, etc.). Finally, unbalanced dental occlusion must be repaired as corrected by dentists as this aetiological factor is working to aggravate pathological mechanisms especially when psychoemotional conditions do exist in patients. Those diagnosed with fibromyalgia, migraine, or chronic fatigue may be also concerned by these oral investigations if they are aware to severely clench their teeth all along the day or suspected to do during sleeping.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    There is still too little awareness of etiological factors that cause insufficient growth of the maxillary bones: for instance, new western world habits such as the decline in the practice of breastfeeding or overly soft food that reduces sensitive trigeminal stimulation (Fig. 5). Problems in the special relation between teeth and the maxillary volume are falsely considered as a normal tendency of human evolution. In fact, they result from etiological cultural factors that could be easily corrected.

  2. 2.

    See chapter “Characteristics of Periodontal Proprioception.”

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    Francis Hartmann & Gérard Cucchi

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Hartmann, F., Cucchi, G. (2014). Objective Signs. In: Stress and Orality. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0271-8_3

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