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Vieillissement et pathologie buccodentaire

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Traité de nutrition de la personne âgée

Abstrait

Les différentes structures et fonctions de la sphère orale, comme les autres parties du corps, n’échappent pas au vieillissement. Des changements apparaissent avec l’âge, ils sont influencés par la génétique, les facteurs socioéconomiques, les maladies, l’accessibilité aux soins et l’environnement. La musculature orale, les structures osseuses, la muqueuse buccale, la production salivaire, la perception de la saveur des aliments subissent des modifications, la fréquence et l’importance des édentements augmentent et provoquent l’apparition de troubles fonctionnels, plus ou moins marqués (1). Dans le cadre d’un vieillissement physiologique et en l’absence de pathologie associée, ces modifications sont lentes et peu pénalisantes jusqu’à un âge avancé. En présence de pathologies générales liées au vieillissement, comme les démences séniles, la maladie d’Alzheimer ou certains troubles de la motricité, le niveau de dépendance augmente, et entraîne une dégradation rapide de la santé orale. L’âge n’est donc pas le seul facteur à prendre en considération en dentisterie gériatrique, les pathologies associées au vieillissement jouent un rôle prépondérant.

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  1. Groupe d’études sur les déficiences, les incapacités et les désavantages en santé orale. EA3847, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 11 boulevard Charles-deGaulle, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand

    J. -L. Veyrune & C. Lassauzay

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Veyrune, J.L., Lassauzay, C. (2009). Vieillissement et pathologie buccodentaire. In: Traité de nutrition de la personne âgée. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-98117-3_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-98117-3_9

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