Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Les fonctions sphinctériennes pp 27–49Cite as

Anatomie et physiologie du sphincter anal

  • Chapter

Abstrait

Le rôle du sphincter anal dans la continence anale est important mais reste néanmoins limité. En effet, différents organes sont responsables du maintien de la continence anale et ce n’est que lorsque la fonction de ľun ou de plusieurs de ces organes est suffisamment déficitaire pour ne plus être compensée par les autres, que ľincontinence anale peut survenir. Ceci explique que ľincontinence anale soit très souvent plurifactorielle. Parmi les différents organes responsables de la continence anale en dehors du sphincter anal, on peut citer le côlon, le rectum, le muscle puborectal, le systäme nerveux.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Références

  1. Bouvier M (1991) Physiology of fecal continence and defecation. Arch Int Physiol Bio 99: A53–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Milligan ETC, Morgan CN (1934) Surgical anatomy of the anal canal. Lancet 2: 1150–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Goligher JC (1967) Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon. In: Bailliere Tindall (eds). London

    Google Scholar 

  4. Oh C, Kark AE (1972) Anatomy of the external anal sphincter. Brit J Surg 59: 717–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hussain SM, Stoker J, Lameris JS (1995) Anal sphincter complex: endoanal MR imaging of normal anatomy. Radiology 197: 671–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Shafik A (1975) New concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation II. Anatomy of the levator ani muscle with special reference to puborectalis. Invest Urol 13: 175–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Frudinger A, Halligan S, Bartram CI et al. (2002) Female anal sphincter: age related differences in asymptomatic volunteers with high-frequency endoanal US. Radiology 224: 417–23

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Duthie HL, Gairns FW (1960) Sensory nerve-endings and sensation in the anal region of man. Br J Surg 47: 585–95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Read MG, Read NW (1982) Role of anorectal sensation in preserving continence. Gut 23: 345–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bouvier M (1985) Commande nerveuse de la motricité du sphincter anal interne chez le chat. Étude électromyographique. Aix-Marseille III. p 212

    Google Scholar 

  11. Carlstedt A, Nordgren S, Fasth S et al. (1988) Sympathetic nervous influence on the internal anal sphincter and rectum in man. Int J Colorect Dis 3: 90–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Frenckner B, Irhe T (1976) Influence of autonomic nerves on the internal anal sphincter in man. Gut 17: 306–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gutierrez JG SA (1975) Autonomic control of the internal anal sphincter in man. In: Van Trappen GE (ed). Fifth international symposium of gastrointestinal motility. Herenthals, Belgium. Typoff Press. p 363–73

    Google Scholar 

  14. Carlstedt A, Nordgren S, Fasth S, Hulten L (1989) The influence of the pelvic nerves on anorectal motility in the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 135: 57–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gonella J, Blanquet F, Grimaud JC, Bouvier M (1986) Extrinsic nervous control of the colon and the internal anal sphincter. Gastroent Clin Biol 10: 158–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. O’Kelly T, Brading A, Mortensen N (1993) Nerve mediated relaxation of the human internal anal sphincter: the role of nitric oxide. Gut 34: 689–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bouvier M, Gonella J (1981) Nervous control of the internal anal sphincter of the cat. J Physiol 310: 457–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hobday DI, Aziz Q, Tracker N et al. (2001) A study of the cortical processing of anorectal sensation using functional MRI. Brain 124: 361–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Abysique A, Orsoni P, Bouvier M (1998) Evidence for supraspinal nervous control of external anal sphincter motility in cat. Brain Res 795: 147–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Abysique A (1992) Etude de la commande nerveuse spinale et supraspinale du sphincter anal externe. Implication dans ľalternance de la miction et de la défécation. Marseille: Université de Droit, ďÉconomie et des Sciences ďAix-Marseille. Aix-Marseille III

    Google Scholar 

  21. Weber J, Denis P, Mihout B et al. (1985) Effect of brain-stem lesion on colonic and anorectal motility. Study of three patients. Dig Dis Sci 30: 419–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Weber J, Beuret-Blanquart F, Ducrotté P et al. (1991) External anal sphincter function in spinal patients. Electromyographic and manometric study. Dis Colon Rectum 34: 409–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Andrew J, Nathan PW (1964) Lesions on the anterior frontal lobes and disturbances of micturition and defaecation. Brain 87: 233–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Rossier A, Bors E (1964) Detrusor responses to perianal and rectal stimulation in patients with spinal cord injuries. Urol Int 18: 181–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Elam M, Thoren P, Svensson TH (1986) Locus cœruleus neurons and sympathetic nerves: activation by visceral afferents. Brain Res 375: 117–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Holstege G, Griffiths D de Wall H, Dalm E (1986) Anatomical and physiological observations on supraspinal control of bladder and urethral sphincter muscles in the cat. J Comp Neurol 250: 449–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Salducci JPD, Naudy B (1982) Physiological role of the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter during micturition. In: Wienbeck M (ed). Motility of the digestive tract. New-York. Raven, p 513–20

    Google Scholar 

  28. Bouvier M, Grimaud JC (1984) Neuronally mediated interactions between urinary bladder and internal anal sphincter motility in the cat. J Physiol 346: 461–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Miyazato M, Sugaya K, Nishijima S et al. (2004) Rectal distension inhibits bladder activity via glycinergic and GABAergic mechanisms in rats. J Urol 171: 1353–6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hancock BD (1976) Measurement of anal pressure and motility. Gut 17: 645–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Read MG, Read NW, Haynes WG et al. (1982) A prospective study of the effect of haemorrhoidectomy on sphincter function and faecal incontinence. Brit J Surg 69: 396–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lestar B, Penninckx F, Kerremans R (1989) The composition of anal basal pressure. An in vivo and in vitro study in man. Int J Colorect Dis 4: 118–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Garrett JR, Howard ER, Jones W (1974) The internal anal sphincter in the cat: a study of nervous mechanisms affecting tone and reflex activity. J Physiol 243:153–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Burleigh DE DMA (1985) Physiology and pharmacology of the internal anal sphincter. In: Henry MMS, M (Eds) Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. London, Butterworths. p 22–41

    Google Scholar 

  35. Frenckner B (1975) Function of the anal sphincters in spinal man. Gut 16: 638–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Neill ME, Parks AG, Swash M (1981) Physiological studies of the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Brit J Surg 68: 531–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Krier J (1985) Discharge patterns of pudendal efferent fibres innervating the external anal sphincter of the cat. J Physiol 368: 471–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Martelli H, Devroede G, Arhan P et al. (1978) Some parameters of large bowel motility in normal man. Gastroenterology 75: 612–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Meunier P, Mollard P (1977) Control of the internal anal sphincter (manometric study with human subjects). Pflugers Arch 370: 233–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. O’Kelly TJ, Davies JR, Brading AF, Mortensen NJ (1994) Distribution of nitric oxide synthase containing neurons in the rectal myenteric plexus and anal canal. Morphologic evidence that nitric oxide mediates the rectoanal inhibitory reflex. Dis Colon Rectum 37: 350–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Beuret-Blanquart F, Weber J, Gouverneur JP et al. (1990) Colonic transit time and anorectal manometric anomalies in 19 patients with complete transection of the spinal cord. J Autor New Syst 30: 199–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Read NW, Haynes WG, Bartolo DC et al. (1983) Use of anorectal manometry during rectal infusion of saline to investigate sphincter function in incontinent patients. Gastroenterology 85: 103–5

    Google Scholar 

  43. Sun WM, Read NW, Miner PB et al. (1990) The role of transient internal sphincter relaxation in faecal incontinence? Int J Colorect Dis 5: 31–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Altomare DF, Rinaldi M, Veglia A et al. (2001) Contribution of posture to the maintenance of anal continence. Int J Colorect Dis 16: 51–4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Melzac JPN (1964) Studies of the reflex activity of the external sphincter ani in spinal man. Paraplegia 1: 277–96

    Google Scholar 

  46. Parks AG, Porter NH, Melzak J (1962) Experimental study of the reflex mechanism controlling the muscle of the pelvic floor. Dis Colon Rectum 5: 407–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Herdmann J, Bielefeldt K, Enck P (1991) Quantification of motor pathways to the pelvic floor in humans. Am J Physiol 260: G720–3

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kern MK, Arndorfer RC, Hyde JS, Shaker R, (2004) Cerebral cortical representation of external anal sphincter contraction: effect of effort. Am J Physio-Gastr L Physiol 286: G304–11

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Hamdy S, Enck P, Aziz Q et al. (1999) Laterality effects of human pudendal nerve stimulation on corticoanal pathways: evidence for functional asymmetry. Gut 45: 58–63

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. A.-M. Leroi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag France

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Leroi, AM. (2006). Anatomie et physiologie du sphincter anal. In: Les fonctions sphinctériennes. Collection de L’Académie Européenne de Médecine de Réadaptation. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-37362-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-37362-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-287-25167-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-287-37362-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation