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Métabolisme cérébral

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Traité de nutrition artificielle de l’adulte

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Abstrait

Les principales voies du métabolisme énergétique cérébral sont identiques à celles des autres tissus, mais les spécificités du système nerveux central imposent des conditions particulières à ľutilisation des substrats et peuvent limiter plusieurs étapes métaboliques. Ainsi, la barrière hématoméningée hémato-encéphalique (BHE) isole le compartiment cérébral de la circulation systémique (1). Le transport des substrats à travers la BHE peut se faire par ľintermédiaire de transporteurs spécifiques: le glucose, par exemple, utilise un transporteur de la barrière endothéliale (GLUT1) qui est soumis à des mécanismes ďadaptation selon le niveau de glycémie et qui peut devenir un facteur limitant (2, 3). Ľautre particularité du système nerveux central est ľorganisation spatiale du tissu cérébral avec la nécessité ďune coopération cellulaire, en particulier entre neurones et cellules gliales. Ainsi, ľéquipement enzymatique nécessaire au métabolisme du glycogène ou de neurotransmetteurs comme le glutamate est contenu dans les cellules gliales, et les échanges intercellulaires de substrats sont obligatoires.

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Authors
  1. F. Sztark
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  2. J.-F. Payen
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Sztark, F., Payen, JF. (2007). Métabolisme cérébral. In: Traité de nutrition artificielle de l’adulte. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-33475-7_28

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-33475-7_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-287-33474-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-287-33475-7

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