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Bioénergétique

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Traité de nutrition artificielle de l’adulte

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Abstrait

Les réactions biochimiques qui caractérisent la vie reposent sur des successions de transferts ďénergie qui tous obéissent aux deux grands principes de la thermodynamique tels qu’ils ont été définis par Sadi Carnot: la conservation de ľénergie dans ľUnivers et ľévolution générale tendant vers le plus grand degré de désordre de la matière (ou entropie). Mais, en fait, la vie représente en quelque sorte une exception car ľobjectif de tout processus biosynthétique vivant est ďaugmenter le degré ďordre de la matière qui le caractérise, que ce soit à ľéchelon moléculaire, cellulaire ou ďorganismes plus complexes. Cette notion ďune opposition fondamentale entre la «Vie» et le second principe de la thermodynamique a conduit à définir la notion de «négentropie» pour exprimer le concept de ľinverse de ľentropie caractéristique de tous les processus biosynthétiques et ďeux seuls; comme ľa dit Schrödinger: «Ce qu’un organisme mange est de ľentropie négative⋯» (1, 2). Les processus biosynthétiques doivent transformer de ľénergie que les organismes vivants puisent dans le milieu extérieur: lumière et matière organique pour les plantes ou matière organique uniquement pour les autres.

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Authors
  1. X. Leverve
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  2. E. Fontaine
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  3. F. Péronnet
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© 2007 Springer-Verlag France, Paris

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Leverve, X., Fontaine, E., Péronnet, F. (2007). Bioénergétique. In: Traité de nutrition artificielle de l’adulte. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-33475-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-33475-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-287-33474-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-287-33475-7

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