Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Dielectric Spectroscopy in Biodiesel Production and Characterization pp 29–41Cite as

Standards for Fuel Characterization

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 1066 Accesses

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

There is no doubt about the importance of quality control of biodiesel to provide users with a reliable and consistent fuel quality which guarantees a good engine performance. For this reason, the fuel is characterized by measuring different properties according to international standards. This chapter presents the most important characterization properties, form the standpoint of the biodiesel producer. Since standards require the measurement of several properties and most of the necessary measuring equipment is expensive, and in many cases operated by highly trained personnel, the complete characterization and quality control of the biofuel is usually carried out only in industries with large-scale production capacity. Most small and medium producers are not always able do so. However, some equipment can be designed and built at a reasonable cost, following the specifications set by the standards, which allows the determination of some important parameters. Moreover, measurement of electrical properties (discussed in the following chapters) can also give relevant information about the quality of the biofuel. Both are useful alternatives for small- and medium-scale producers, as well as small research groups.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Meher LC, Vidya Sagar V, Naik SN (2006) Technical aspects of Biodiesel production by transesterification: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 10(3):248–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Pr EN 14214 (2009) Automotive fuels—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines—requirements and test methods

    Google Scholar 

  3. EN 14103 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of ester and linolenic acid methyl ester contents

    Google Scholar 

  4. EN ISO 3675 (1998) Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products—laboratory determination of density or relative density—hydrometer method

    Google Scholar 

  5. EN ISO 12185 (1996) Crude petroleum and petroleum products—determination of density—oscillating U-tube method

    Google Scholar 

  6. EN ISO 3104 (1996) Petroleum products—transparent and opaque liquids—determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity

    Google Scholar 

  7. EN ISO 2719 (2002) Determination of flash point—Pensky-Martens closed cup method

    Google Scholar 

  8. EN ISO 3679 (2004) Determination of flash point—rapid equilibrium closed cup method

    Google Scholar 

  9. EN ISO 20846 (2004) Petroleum products—determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels—ultraviolet fluorescence method

    Google Scholar 

  10. EN ISO 20884 (2004) Petroleum products—determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels—wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

    Google Scholar 

  11. WI 019 376, Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as a blending component for diesel—determination of phosphorus and sulfur content—direct method by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (ICP-OES)

    Google Scholar 

  12. EN ISO 5165 (1998) Diesel fuels—determination of ignition quality of diesel fuels—cetane engine method

    Google Scholar 

  13. ISO 3987 (1994) Petroleum products—lubricating oils and additives—determination of sulfated ash

    Google Scholar 

  14. EN ISO 12937 (2000) Petroleum products—determination of water—Coulometric Karl Fisher titration method

    Google Scholar 

  15. EN 12662 (2008) Liquid petroleum products—determination of contamination in middle distillates

    Google Scholar 

  16. EN ISO 2160 (1998) Petroleum products—corrosiveness to copper—copper strip test

    Google Scholar 

  17. EN 15751 (2009) Automotive fuels—fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel—determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method

    Google Scholar 

  18. EN 14112 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of oxidation stability (accelerated oxidation test)

    Google Scholar 

  19. WI 019 370, Liquid petroleum products—fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with middle distillates—determination of oxidation stability by rapid small scale oxidation method

    Google Scholar 

  20. EN 14104 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of acid value

    Google Scholar 

  21. EN 14111 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of iodine value

    Google Scholar 

  22. EN 15779 (2009) Petroleum products and fats and oil derivates—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines—determination of polyunsaturated (≥4 double bonds) fatty acid methyl esters (PUFA) by gas chromatography

    Google Scholar 

  23. EN 14110 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of methanol content

    Google Scholar 

  24. EN 14105 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of free and total glycerol and mono-, di- and triglyceride content (reference method)

    Google Scholar 

  25. EN 14106 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of free glycerol content

    Google Scholar 

  26. EN 14108 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of sodium content by atomic absorption spectrometry

    Google Scholar 

  27. EN 14109 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of potassium content by atomic absorption spectrometry

    Google Scholar 

  28. EN 14538 (2006) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of Ca, K, Mg and Na content by optical emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) 2

    Google Scholar 

  29. EN 14107 (2003) Fat and oil derivatives—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)—determination of phosphorus content by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry

    Google Scholar 

  30. EN 116 (1997) Diesel and domestic heating fuels—determination of cold filter plugging point

    Google Scholar 

  31. ASTM D 6751 (2009) Standard specification for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100) for middle distillate fuels

    Google Scholar 

  32. ASTM D 93 (2002) Test methods for flash-point by Pensky–Martens closed cup tester

    Google Scholar 

  33. ASTM D 2709 (2001) Test method for water and sediment in middle distillate fuels by centrifuge

    Google Scholar 

  34. ASTM D 445 (2003) Test method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids (the calculation of dynamic viscosity)

    Google Scholar 

  35. ASTM D 874 (2000) Test method for sulfated ash from lubricating oils and additives

    Google Scholar 

  36. ASTM D 5453 (2003) Test method for determination of total sulfur in light hydrocarbons, motor fuels, and oils by ultraviolet fluorescence

    Google Scholar 

  37. ASTM D 130 (2000) Test method for detection of copper corrosion from petroleum products by the copper strip tarnish test

    Google Scholar 

  38. ASTM D 613 (2003) Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil

    Google Scholar 

  39. ASTM D 2500 (2002) Test method for cloud point of petroleum products

    Google Scholar 

  40. ASTM D 4530 (2003) Test method for determination of carbon residue (micro method)

    Google Scholar 

  41. ASTM D 664 (2001) Test method for acid number of petroleum products by potentiometric titration

    Google Scholar 

  42. ASTM D 6584 (2000) Test Method for Determination of Free and Total Glycerine in B-100 Biodiesel Methyl Esters by Gas Chromatography

    Google Scholar 

  43. ASTM D 4951 (2002) Test method for determination of additive elements in lubricating oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

    Google Scholar 

  44. ASTM D 1160 (2003) Test method for distillation of petroleum products at reduced pressure

    Google Scholar 

  45. EN 14214 (2003) Automotive fuels—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines—requirements and test methods

    Google Scholar 

  46. Van Gerpen J, Shanks B, Pruszko R, Clements D, Knothe G (2004) Biodiesel analytical methods. National renewable energy laboratory, NRRL/SR-510-36240

    Google Scholar 

  47. Van Gerpen J, Shanks B, Pruszko R, Clements D, Knothe G (2004) Biodiesel production technology. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NRRL/SR-510-36244

    Google Scholar 

  48. ASTM D 976 (2000) Test methods for calculated cetane index of distillate fuels

    Google Scholar 

  49. ASTM D 189 (2001) Test method for Conradson carbon residue of petroleum products

    Google Scholar 

  50. Pryde EH (1983) Vegetable oils as diesel fuel: overview. J Am Oil Chem Soc 60:1557–1558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Sorichetti PA, Romano SD (2005) Physico-chemical and electrical properties for the production and characterization of biodiesel. Phys Chem Liq 43(1):37–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Pisarello ML, Dalla Costa BO, Veizaga NS, Querini CA (2009) Volumetric method for free and total glycerine determination in biodiesel. Biomass Bioenergy (personal communication, submitted for publication)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr. Eng. C. Querini, Mr. M. Wainstein, BSc, MSc, and Mr. R. Marchetti, Lic. Econ., for their helpful comments and encouragement.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Energías Renovables, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Paseo Colón 850, 1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Silvia Daniela Romano

Authors
  1. Silvia Daniela Romano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Silvia Daniela Romano .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Romano, S.D. (2010). Standards for Fuel Characterization. In: Dielectric Spectroscopy in Biodiesel Production and Characterization. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-519-4_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-519-4_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-518-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-519-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation