Skip to main content

Abstract

In contrast to arthroscopy, which has become the preferred technique to treat intra-articular ankle pathology, extra-articular problems of the ankle have traditionally demanded open surgery. Open ankle surgery has been associated with complications such as injury to the sural nerve or superficial peroneal nerve, infection, scarring, and stiffness of the ankle joint.1–3 The percentage of complications reported with open surgery for posterior ankle impingement (removal of os trigonum, scar tissue, hypertrophic posterior talar process, or ossicle) varies between 15% and 24%.1–4 The incidence of these complications has stimulated the development of extra-articular endoscopic techniques. Endoscopic surgery offers the advantages related to any minimally invasive procedure, such as fewer wound infections, less blood loss, smaller wounds and less morbidity. Aftertreatment is functional, and surgery is performed on an outpatient basis.5

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Abramowitz Y, Wollstein R, Barzilay Y et al. Outcome of resection of a symptomatic os trigonum. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85-A:1051–1057.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hamilton WG, Geppert MJ, Thompson FM. Pain in the posterior aspect of the ankle in ­dancers. Differential diagnosis and operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78:1491–1500.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Marotta JJ, Micheli LJ. Os trigonum impingement in dancers. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:533–536.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. van Dijk CN, Scholten PE, Krips R. A 2-portal endoscopic approach for diagnosis and treatment of posterior ankle pathology. Arthroscopy. 2000;16:871–876.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. van Dijk CN. Hindfoot endoscopy. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2000;8:365–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bassett FH III, Billys JB, Gates HS III. A simple surgical approach to the posteromedial ankle. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21:144–146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Dombek MF, Lamm BM, Saltrick K, Mendicino RW, Catanzariti AR. Peroneal tendon tears: a retrospective review. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2003;42:250–258.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Scholten PE, van Dijk CN. Tendoscopy of the peroneal tendons. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11:415–420, vii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Roggatz J, Urban A. The calcareous peritendinitis of the long peroneal tendon. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1980;96:161–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Schweitzer GJ. Stenosing peroneal tenovaginitis. Case reports. S Afr Med J. 1982;61:521–523.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Heckman DS, Reddy S, Pedowitz D, Wapner KL, Parekh SG. Operative treatment for peroneal tendon disorders. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:404–418.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Yao L, Tong DJ, Cracchiolo A, Seeger LL. MR findings in peroneal tendonopathy. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995;19:460–464.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Scholten PE, van Dijk CN. Endoscopic calcaneoplasty. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11:439–446, viii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. van Dijk CN, van Dyk GE, Scholten PE, Kort NP. Endoscopic calcaneoplasty. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29:185–189.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. van Dijk CN, Scholten PE, Kort N. Tendoscopy (tendon sheath endoscopy) for overuse tendon injuries. Oper Techn Sports Med. 1997;5:170–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. van Dijk CN, Kort N. Tendoscopy of the peroneal tendons. Arthroscopy. 1998;14:471–478.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. de Leeuw PAJ, Golano P, van Dijk CN. A 3-portal endoscopic groove deepening technique for recurrent peroneal tendon dislocation. Techn Foot Ankle Surg. 2008;7:250–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lui TH. Endoscopic peroneal retinaculum reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:478–481.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Myerson MS. Adult acquired flatfoot deformity: treatment of dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. Instr Course Lect. 1997;46:393–405.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bulstra GH, Olsthoorn PG, Niek van DC. Tendoscopy of the posterior tibial tendon. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11:421–427, viii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. van Dijk CN, Kort N, Scholten PE. Tendoscopy of the posterior tibial tendon. Arthroscopy. 1997;13:692–698.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Michelson J, Easley M, Wigley FM, Hellmann D. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Foot Ankle Int. 1995;16:156–161.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Trnka HJ. Dysfunction of the tendon of tibialis posterior. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86:939–946.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Miller SD, Van HM, Boruta PM, Wu KK, Katcherian DA. Ultrasound in the diagnosis of posterior tibial tendon pathology. Foot Ankle Int. 1996;17:555–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Porter DA, Baxter DE, Clanton TO, Klootwyk TE. Posterior tibial tendon tears in young competitive athletes: two case reports. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19:627–630.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lui TH. Endoscopic assisted posterior tibial tendon reconstruction for stage 2 posterior tibial tendon insufficiency. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15:1228–1234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bare AA, Haddad SL. Tenosynovitis of the posterior tibial tendon. Foot Ankle Clin. 2001;6:37–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Paus AC. Arthroscopic synovectomy. When, which diseases and which joints. Z Rheumatol. 1996;55:394–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Johnson KA, Strom DE. Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;196–206.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Chow HT, Chan KB, Lui TH. Tendoscopic debridement for stage I posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13:695–698.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Clain MR, Baxter DE. Achilles tendinitis. Foot Ankle. 1992;13:482–487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Saltzman CL, Tearse DS. Achilles tendon injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1998;6:316–325.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Maffulli N, Walley G, Sayana MK, Longo UG, Denaro V. Eccentric calf muscle training in athletic patients with Achilles tendinopathy. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30:1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Maffulli N, Kenward MG, Testa V, Capasso G, Regine R, King JB. Clinical diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy with tendinosis. Clin J Sport Med. 2003;13:11–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Steenstra F, van Dijk CN. Achilles tendoscopy. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11:429–438, viii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Williams JG. Achilles tendon lesions in sport. Sports Med. 1993;16:216–220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Segesser B, Goesele A, Renggli P. [The Achilles tendon in sports]. Orthopade. 1995;24:252–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gruber, W. Beobachtungen aus der Menschlichen und Vergleichenden Anatomie. Berlin, Germany: A Hirschwald; 1879.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Schwalbe G, Pfitzner W. Varietäten-Statistik und Anthropologie. DeutscheMed Wchnschr. 1894;XXV:459.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ko R., Porter M. Interactive Foot and Ankle 2. London: Primal Pictures; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mafi N, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Superior short-term results with eccentric calf muscle training compared to concentric training in a randomized prospective multicenter study on patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9:42–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Norregaard J, Larsen CC, Bieler T, Langberg H. Eccentric exercise in treatment of Achilles tendinopathy. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;17:133–138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ohberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Eccentric training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis: normalised tendon structure and decreased thickness at follow up. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38:8–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Woodley BL, Newsham-West RJ, Baxter GD. Chronic tendinopathy: effectiveness of eccentric exercise. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:188–198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Silbernagel KG, Thomee R, Thomee P, Karlsson J. Eccentric overload training for patients with chronic Achilles tendon pain–a randomised controlled study with reliability testing of the evaluation methods. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001;11:197–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Alfredson H, Ohberg L. Increased intratendinous vascularity in the early period after sclerosing injection treatment in Achilles tendinosis: a healing response? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:399–401.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Alfredson H, Ohberg L, Zeisig E, Lorentzon R. Treatment of midportion Achilles tendinosis: similar clinical results with US and CD-guided surgery outside the tendon and sclerosing polidocanol injections. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15:1504–1509.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Alfredson H, Lorentzon R. Sclerosing polidocanol injections of small vessels to treat the chronic painful tendon. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2007;5:97–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Andersson G, Danielson P, Alfredson H, Forsgren S. Nerve-related characteristics of ventral paratendinous tissue in chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15:1272–1279.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Ohberg L, Alfredson H. Ultrasound guided sclerosis of neovessels in painful chronic Achilles tendinosis: pilot study of a new treatment. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36:173–175.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Willberg L, Sunding K, Ohberg L, Forssblad M, Fahlstrom M, Alfredson H. Sclerosing injections to treat midportion Achilles tendinosis: a randomised controlled study evaluating two different concentrations of Polidocanol. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008;16:859–864.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Lind B, Ohberg L, Alfredson H. Sclerosing polidocanol injections in mid-portion Achilles tendinosis: remaining good clinical results and decreased tendon thickness at 2-year follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:1327–1332.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kvist M. Achilles tendon injuries in athletes. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1991;80:188–201.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Maffulli N. Augmented repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures using gastrocnemius-soleus fascia. Int Orthop. 2005;29:134.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Maffulli N, Testa V, Capasso G, Bifulco G, Binfield PM. Results of percutaneous longitudinal tenotomy for Achilles tendinopathy in middle- and long-distance runners. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:835–840.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Testa V, Maffulli N, Capasso G, Bifulco G. Percutaneous longitudinal tenotomy in chronic Achilles tendonitis. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 1996;54:241–244.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Testa V, Capasso G, Benazzo F, Maffulli N. Management of Achilles tendinopathy by ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34:573–580.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Kannus P, Jozsa L. Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73:1507–1525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Khan KM, Forster BB, Robinson J et al. Are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of value in assessment of Achilles tendon disorders? A two year prospective study. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37:149–153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Maquirriain J, Ayerza M, Costa-Paz M, Muscolo DL. Endoscopic surgery in chronic achilles tendinopathies: a preliminary report. Arthroscopy. 2002;18:298–303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Willberg L, Sunding K, Ohberg L, Forssblad M, Alfredson H. Treatment of Jumper’s knee: promising short-term results in a pilot study using a new arthroscopic approach based on imaging findings. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15:676–681.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maayke Nadine van Sterkenburg .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

van Sterkenburg, M.N., de Leeuw, P.A.J., van Dijk, C.N. (2010). Tendoscopy. In: Maffulli, N., Easley, M. (eds) Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Foot and Ankle. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-417-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-417-3_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-416-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-417-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics