Abstract
The histological features of the lung are diverse when considering the processes that compromise the cardiac pump. The organic impairment of the heart can occur due to one of the following mechanisms: loss of blood; irregular heartbeat; flow obstruction; regurgitation; contractile impairment (systolic failure); or inadequate filling (diastolic failure).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gehlbach BK, BK GE. The pulmonary manifestations of left heart failure. Chest. 2004;125(2):669-682.
Ramadan MM, Okura Y, Ohno Y, et al. Comparative analysis of systolic and isolated diastolic dysfunction: Sado heart failure study. Int Heart J. 2008;49(4):459-469.
Vandiviere HM. Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. South Med J. 1993;86(10):2S7-2S10.
De Pasquale CG, Arnolda LF, Doyle IR, Grant RL, Aylward PE, Bersten AD. Prolonged alveolocapillary barrier damage after acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(4):1060-1067.
Rasche K, Orth M, Duchna HW. Sequels of lung diseases on cardiac function. Med Klin (Munich). 2006;101(suppl 1):44-46 (abstract).
West JB. Cellular responses to mechanical stress. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89(2):2483-2489.
Bhattacharya J. Pressure-induced capillary stress failure: is it regulated? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003;284:L701-L702.
Han MK, McLaughlin VV, Criner GJ, Martinez FJ. Pulmonary diseases and the heart. Circulation. 2007;116(25):2992-3005.
Scannell G. Leukocyte responses to hypoxic/ischemic conditions. New Horiz. 1996;4:179-183.
Gutierrez G, Brown SD. Gastrointestinal tonometry: a monitor of regional dysoxia. New Horiz. 1996;4:413-419.
Parks DA, Granger DN. Contributions of ischemia and reperfusion to mucosal lesion formation. Am J Physiol. 1986;250:G749-G753.
Korthuis RJ, Smith JK, Carden DL. Hypoxic reperfusion attenuates postischemic microvascular injury. Am J Physiol. 1989;256:H315-H319.
Reily PM, Schiller HJ, Bulkley GB. Pharmacologic approach to tissue injury mediated by free radicals and other reactive oxygen metabolites. Am J Surg. 1991;161:488-503.
Becker LC, Ambrosio G. Myocardial consequences of reperfusion. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1987;30:23-44.
Horiguchi T, Harada Y. The effect of protease inhibitor on reperfusion injury after unilateral pulmonary ischemia. Transplantation. 1993;55:254-258.
Klausner JM, Paterson IS, Kobzik L, Valeri CR, Shepro D, Hechtman HB. Oxygen free radicals mediate ischemia-induced lung injury. Surgery. 1989;105:192-199.
Ar’rajab A, Dawidson I, Fabia R. Reperfusion injury. New Horiz. 1996;4:224-234.
Marenzi G, Agostoni P. Hemofiltration in heart failure. Int J Artif Organs. 2004;27(12):1070-1076.
Matthay MA, Fukuda N, Frank J, Kallet R, Daniel B, Sakuma T. Alveolar epithelial barrier. Role in lung fluid balance in clinical lung injury. Clin Chest Med. 2000;21(3):477-490.
Ichihara S, Senbonmatsu T, Price E Jr, Ichiki T, Gaffney FA, Inagami T. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor is essential for left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in chronic angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Circulation. 2001;104(3):346-351.
Zemans RL, Matthay MA. Bench-to-bedside review: the role of the alveolar epithelium in the resolution of pulmonary edema in acute lung injury. Crit Care. 2004;8(6):469-477.
Mutlu GM, Sznajder JI. Mechanisms of pulmonary edema clearance. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005;289(5):L685-L695.
Haddy FJ, Stephens G, Visscher MB. The physiology and pharmacology of lung edema. Pharmacol Ver. 1956;8(3):389-434.
Uhley H, Leeds SE, Sampson JJ, Friedman M. Some observations on the role of the lymphatics in experimental acute pulmonary edema. Circ Res. 1961;9:688.
Grainger RU. Interstitial pulmonary oedema and its radiological diagnosis: a sign of pulmonary venous antecapillary hypertension. Br J Radiol. 1958;31(364):201.
Brown CC Jr, Fry DL, Ebert RV. The mechanics of pulmonary ventilation in patients with heart disease. Am J Med. 1954;17(4):438.
Rosenow EC III, Harrison CE Jr. Congestive heart failure masquerading as primary pulmonary disease. Chest. 1970;58(1):28-36.
de Castro Zampieri FM, Canzian M, Parra ER, Kairalla RA, Capelozzi VL. Alveolar-capillary membrane dysfunction in heart failure: histopathological changes. Eur Resp J. 2008; 661s, abstract.
Mandinov L, Eberli FR, Seiler C, Hess OM. Diastolic heart failure. Cardiovasc Res. 2000;45(4):813-825.
Campbell FE. Cardiac effects of pulmonary disease. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract. 2007;37(5):949-962.
Ravi K, Kappagoda CT. Left ventricular dysfunction and extravascular fluid in the lung: physiological basis for symptoms. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2008;50(1):7-18.
Snow JB, Kitzis V, Norton CE, et al. Differential effects of chronic hypoxia and intermittent hypocapnic and eucapnic hypoxia on pulmonary vasoreactivity. J Appl Physiol. 2008;104(1):110-118.
Thiedemann KU, Ferrans VJ. Left atrial ultrastructure in mitral valvular disease. Am J Pathol. 1977;89(3):575-604.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Capelozzi, V.L., Parra, E.R. (2010). Histological Features of Lungs. In: Gabriel, E., Salerno, T. (eds) Principles of Pulmonary Protection in Heart Surgery. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-308-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-308-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-307-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-308-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)