Abstract
In this chapter, we present a method to retrieve from a collection of document images the regions of interest where a query symbol is likely to be found. In order to foster the querying speed, a hashing technique is proposed which is able to retrieve very efficiently primitives by similarity. Vectorial primitives are coarsely encoded by well-known shape description methods providing a numerical description of the primitives. A relational indexing approach is presented in order to introduce some structural information of the symbols and provide an accurate hypotheses validation. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed approach.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ballard, D.: Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes. Pattern Recognition 13(2), 111–122 (1981)
Califano, A., Mohan, R.: Multidimensional indexing for recognizing visual shapes. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 16(4), 373–392 (1994)
Chang, C., Lee, S.: Retrieval of similar pictures on pictorial databases. Pattern Recognition 24(7), 675–681 (1991)
Chen, C.: Improved moment invariants for shape discrimination. Pattern Recognition 26(5), 683–686 (1993)
Costa, M., Shapiro, L.: 3D object recognition and pose with relational indexing. Computer Vision and Image Understanding 79(3), 364–407 (2000)
Gaede, V., Günther, O.: Multidimensional access methods. ACM Computing Surveys 30(2), 170–231 (1998)
Hu, M.: Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants. IRE Transactions on Information Theory 8, 179–187 (1962)
Hupkens, T., de Clippeleir, J.: Noise and intensity invariant moments. Pattern Recognition Letters 16(4), 371–376 (1995)
Kauppinen, H., Seppänen, T., Pietikäinen, M.: An experimental comparison of autoregressive and Fourier-based descriptors in 2D shape classification. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 17, 201–207 (1995)
Lambert, G., Gao, H.: Line moments and invariants for real time processing of vectorized contour data. In: Image Analysis and Processing, Lecture Notes on Computer Science, vol. 974, pp. 347–352. Springer, Berlin (1995)
Lambert, G., Gao, H.: Discrimination properties of invariants using the line moments of vectorized contours. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 735–739. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (1996)
Lladós, J., Sánchez, G.: Indexing historical documents by word shape signatures. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 362–366. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2007)
Nievergelt, J., Hinterberger, H., Sevcik, K.: The grid file: An adaptable, symmetric multikey file structure. ACM Transactions on Database Systems 9(1), 38–71 (1984)
Rosin, P., West, G.: Segmentation of edges into lines and arcs. Image and Vision Computing 7(2), 109–114 (1989)
Russ, J.: The Image Processing Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1995)
Sardana, H., Daemi, M., Ibrahim, M.: Global description of edge patterns using moments. Pattern Recognition 27(1), 109–118 (1994)
Sivic, J., Russell, B., Efros, A., Zisserman, A., Freeman, W.: Discovering objects and their localization in images. In: Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 370–377. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2005)
Smith, O., Makani, K., Krishna, L.: Sparse solutions using hash storage. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems 91(4), 1396–1404 (1972)
Stein, F., Medioni, G.: Structural indexing: Efficient 2D object recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 14(12), 1198–1204 (1992)
Stoyan, D., Stoyan, H.: Fractals, random shapes and point fields (methods of geometrical statistics). Wiley, Chichester (1994)
Zahn, C., Roskies, R.: Fourier descriptors for plane closed curves. IEEE Transactions On Computer 21(3), 269–281 (1972)
Zhang, D., Lu, G.: Review of shape representation and description techniques. Pattern Recognition 37, 1–19 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rusiñol, M., Lladós, J. (2010). A Relational Indexing Method for Symbol Spotting. In: Symbol Spotting in Digital Libraries. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-208-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-208-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-207-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-208-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)