Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Biomechanics and Biomaterials in Orthopedics pp 83–94Cite as

Bone Banks: Technical Aspects of the Preparation and Preservation of Articular Allografts

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 2294 Accesses

Abstract

For the technical aspects of this subject the Marseilles team collaborated with the Etablissement de Transfusion Sanguine Alpes-Provence (Alpes-Provence Blood Transfusion Service) to set up a bone bank on their premises because it has a competent cryobiology department equipped with storage tanks containing liquid nitrogen and a temperature-lowering programmer. This laboratory, which for a long time has been storing bone marrow, platelets, and various cryopreserved tissues, has the virology, bacteriology, quality control, and quality assurance laboratories of the Blood Transfusion Service and is accustomed to applying the transfusion safety standards. It was also one of the first in France to obtain the approval of the Microbiological Safety Committee of the Directorate General of Health in April 1996. Banks which were developed nationally have followed the same principles and currently more a hundred have been registered and some are awaiting authorization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  1. Babin SR, Katzner M, Vidal PH, Simon P, Kempf JF, Keiling R, Schvingt E. Résection – reconstruction diaphysaire fémorale par allogreffe massive fixée par clou médullaire vérouillé. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1987;73:25–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Beaver RJ, Mahomed M, Bachstein D, Davis A, Zukor DJ, Gross AE. Fresh osteochondral allografts for post-traumatic defect in the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74-B:105–10.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brooks DB, Heiple KC, Herdon CH, Powell AE. Immunological factors in homogenous bone transplantation. IV The effect of various methods of preparation and irradiation on antigenicity. J Bone Joint Surg. 1969;45A:1617.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brown K, Crues SR. Bone and cartilage transplantation, in orthopeadic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:270–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Burchardt H. The biology of bone graft repair. Clin Orthop. 1983;174:121–35.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Burchardt H, Enneking WF. Transplantation of bone. Surg Clin North Am. 1978;58:409.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Burchardt H, Jones H, Gloweczewskie F, Rudner C, Enneking WF. Freeze-dried allogeneic segmental cortical bone grafts in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg. 1978;60A:1082.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Burwell RG. Studies in the transplantation of bone. V. The capacity of fresh and treated homografts of bone to evoke transplantation immunity. J Bone Joint Surg. 1963;45B:386.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Burwell RG. The fate of bone grafts. In: Apley AG, editor. Recent advances in orthopeadic. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co; 1969. p. 115.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Burwell RG. The fate of freeze-dried bone allografts. Transplant Proc. 1976;8 Suppl 1:95.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Burwell RG, Gowland G. Studies in the transplantation of bone. III. The immune responses of lymphnodes draining components of fresh homologous cancellous bone and homologous bone treated by different methods. J Bone Joint Surg. 1962;44B:131.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Burwell RG, Gowland G, Dexter F. Studies in the transplantation of bone. VI Further observations concerning the antigenicity of homologous cortical and cancellous bone. J Bone Joint Surg. 1963;41B:597.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Carr CR, Hyatt GW. Clinical evaluation of freeze-dried bone grafts. J Bone Joint Surg. 1955;37A:549.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Carrel A. La conservation des tissus et ses applications en chirurgie. J Am Med – Techniques chirurgicales orthopédique, Paris. 1984;44090:4–7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chalmers J. Transplantation immunity in bone grafting. J Bone Joint Surg. 1959;41B:160.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Charpentier B. Mécanisme du rejet des allogreffes. Presse Med. 1984;13:2697–700.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chrisman OD, Fessel JM, Southwick WO. Experimental production of synovitis and marginal articular exostose in the knee joint of dogs. Yale J Biol Med. 1964;37:409.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Coutelier L, Delloye CH, De Nayer P, Vincent A. Aspects microradiographiques des allogreffes osseuses chez l’homme. Rev Chir Orthopédique. 1984;70:581–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cracchiolo III A, Michaeli D, Goldberg LS, Fudenberg HH. The occurrence of antibodies to collagen in synovial fluids. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1975;3:567.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Curran WJ. The uniform anatomical gift act. N Engl J Med. 1969;280:36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Darcy DA. Reaction of rabbits to frozen homografts. Pathol Bacteriol. 1955;70:143.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Devries PH, Badgley CE, Hartman JT. Radiation sterilization of homogenous-bone transplants utilizing radioactiv cobalt. Preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1958;40:187–203.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Duffy P, Wolf J, Collins G, De Voe AG, Streeten B, Cowen D. Possible person-to-person transmission of Creutzfeld-Jacob disease. N Engl J Med. 1974;290:692.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Duparc J, Nordin JY, Olivier H, Augereau B. Les résections-reconstructions dans les tumeurs osseuses des membres et du bassin. Encycl Méd Chir – Techniques Chirurgicales Orthopédie. 1984;44090:4–7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Elves MW. Humoralimmune response to allografts of bone. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1974;47:708.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Elves MW. Newer knowledge of immunology of bone and cartilage. Clin Orthop. 1976;120:232.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Elves MW, Ford CHJ. A study of the humoral immunce response to osteoarticular allografts in the sheep. Clin Exp Immunol. 1974;17:497.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Friedlaender GE. Current concepts. Review: bone-banking. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:307–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Friedlaender GE. Immune response to osteochondral allografts. Clin Orthop. 1983;174:58–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Friedlaender GE, Ladenbauer-Bellis I, Chrisman OD. Cartilage matrix components as antigenic agents in a osteoarthritis model. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1980;5:170.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Friedlaender GE, Mankin HJ. Guidelines for the banking of musculoskeletal tissues. Am Assoc Tissues Banks Newsletter. 1980;4(suppl):30.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Friedlaender GE, Mankin HJ, Kenneth W. Osteochondral allografts (biology, banking and clinical applications). Boston Toronto: Little Brown; 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Friedlaender GE, Strong DM, SELL KW. Studies on the antigenicity of bone. I. Freeze-dried and deep-frozen bone allografts in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg. 1976;58A:854.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Friedlaender GE, Strong DM, Sell KW. Donor graft specific anti-HL-A antibodies following freeze-dried bone allografts. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1977;2:87.

    Google Scholar 

  35. George CR, Chrisman OD. The role of cartilage polysaccharides in osteoarthritis. Clin Orthop. 1968;57:259.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Glant T, Hadas E, Nagry TJ. Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to cartilage antigenic components. Scand J Immunol. 1979;9:29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Golberg V, Heiple K. Experimental hemijoint and whole transplantation. Clin Orthop. 1983;174:43–53.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Goldberg V, Bos G, Heiple K, Zita J, Powell A. Improved acceptance of frozen bone allografts in genetically mismatched dogs by immunosuppression. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:937–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Greiff D, Milson TJ. Functional activities of isolated lymphocytes following drying by sublimation of ice in vacus. I. Rosette formation, stimulation by plant lectins (mitogens) and the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Cryobiology. 1980;17:319.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Gresham RB. The freeze-dried cortical bone homograft: a roentgenographic and histologic evaluation. Clin Orthop. 1964;37:194.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Gross AE, Langer F, Houpt J, Pritzker K, Friedlander CE. The allotransplantation of the partial joints in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Transplant Proc. 1976;8(Suppl I):129.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Gross AE, Langer F, Silverstein EA, Falk R, Falk J. The allotransplantation of the partial joints in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin Orthop. 1975;108:7–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Gross A, Mc Kee N, Pritzker K, Langer F. Reconstruction of skeletal deficit at the knee. Clin Orthop. 1983;174:96–106.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Guilleminet S, Dubost-Perret JA. Utilisation d’os hétérogènes réfrigérés en chirurgie humaine. Lyon Chir. 1952;47(1):57.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hedde C, Postel M, Kerboul M, Courpied JP. La réparation du cotyle par homogreffe osseuse conservée au cours des révisions de prothèse totale de hanche. Rev Chir Orthop. 1986;72:267–76.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Heiple KG, Chase SW, Herndon CH. A comparative study of the healing process following different types of bone transplantation. J Bone Joint Surg. 1963;45A:1593.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hiky V, Mankin HJ. Radical resection and allograft replacement in the treatment of bone tumors. J Jpn Orthop Assoc. 1980;54:475.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Houff SA, Burton RC, Wilson RW, et al. Human-to-human transmission of rabies virus by corneal transplant. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:603.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Huten D. Utilisation des allogreffes osseuses dans les reconstructions fémorales au cours des reprises de prothèse totale de hanche. Rev Chir Orthop. 1988;74:122–4.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hyatt GW, Butler MC. Bone grafting. The procurement storage and clinical use of bone homograft. In: America Association of Orthopeadic Sugeons: Instructional courses lectures, vol. 14. Ann Arbor, Mich: J.W. Edwards Co; 1957. p. 343.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Inclan A. L’emploi des greffes osseuses conservées en Orthopédie. J Bone Joint Surg. 1942;26:81–96.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Inclan A. Use of preserved bone graft in orthopeadic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg. 1942;26:81.

    Google Scholar 

  53. James JIP. Tuberculosis transmitted by banked bone. J Bone Joint Surg. 1953;35B:578.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Judet J, Aviset A. Homogreffes provenants de la banque d’os. Mem Acad Chir N. 1948;27–8:671.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Judet H, Padovani JP. Transplantation d’articulation complète. Rev Chir Orthop. 1983;67:359–60.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Koskinen EV, Salenius P, Alho A. Allogeneic transplantation inlow-grade malignant bone tumors. Acta Orthop Scand. 1979;50:129.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kossowska-Paul B. Studies on the regional lymph node plastic reaction evoked by allogeneic grafts of fresh and preserved bone tissue. Bull Acad Polon Sci. 1966;14:651.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kruez FP, Hyatt GW, Turner TC, Basset al. The preservation and clinical use of freeze-dried bone. J Bone Joint Surg. 1951;33AA:863.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Langer F, Czitrom A, Pritzker KP, Gross AE. The immunogenicity of fresh and frozen allogeneic bone. J Bone Joint Surg. 1975;57A:216.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Lee EH, Langer F, Halloran P, Gross AE, Ziv I. The effect of major and minor histocompatibility differences on bone transplant healing in inbred mice. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1979;4:60.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Lee EH, Langer F, Halloran P, Gross AE, Ziv I. The immunology of osteochondral and massive allografts. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1979;4:61.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Lexter E. Die verwendung der freien knochenplastik nebst versuchen über gelenkversteifung und gelenktransplantation. Arch Klin Chir. 1908;86:939.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Lexter E. Joint transplantation and arthroplasty. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1925;40:782.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Locht R, Gross A, Langer F. Late osteochondral allograft resurfacing for tibia plateau fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:328–35.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Macewen W. Observations concerning transplantation of bone. Illustrated by case of inter-human osseous transplantation, where by over two-thirds of shaft of a humerus was restored. Pro R Soc Lond. 1881;32:232.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Mankin HJ, Doppelt SH, Sullivan TR, Tomford WW. Osteoarticular and intercalary allograft transplantation in the management of malignant tumors of bone. Cancer. 1983;50:613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Mankin HJ, Doppelt SH, Tomford WW. Clinical experience with allograft implantation. Clin Orthop. 1983;174:69–86.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Mankin HJ, Fogelson FS, Trasher AZ, Jaffer F. Massive resection and allograft transplantation in the treatment of malignant bone tumors. N Engl J Med. 1976;294:1247.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Marsh B, Flynn L, Enneking W. Immunologic aspects of osteosarcoma and their application to therapy, a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg. 1972;54A:1367.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Merle D’Aubigne R. A propos de la résection pour tumeurs du genou. Rev Chir Orthop. 1963;67:359–60.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Meyers MH, Chatterjee SN. Osteochondral transplantation. Surg Clin North Am. 1978;58:429.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Mnaymneh W, Emerson RH, Brajao F, Head WC, Malinin TI. Massive allografts in salvage revision of failed total knee arthroplasties. Clin Orthop. 1990;269:144–53.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Musculo DL, Kawai S, Ray RD. Cellular and humoral immune response analysis of bone-allografted rats. J Bone Joint Surg. 1976;58A:826.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Nimelstein SH, Hotti AR, Homan HR. Transformation of a histocompatibility immunogen into a tolerogen. J Exp Med. 1973;128:723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Ollier L. Traité expérimental et clinique de la régénération des os. Paris: Victor Masson & fils; 1867.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Ottolenghi CE. Massive osteo and osteo-articular bone grafts: technic and results of 62 cases. Clin Orthop. 1972;87:156.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Parrish FF. Allograft replacement of all part of the end of a long bone following excision of a tumor: report of twenty-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg. 1973;55A:1.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Pelkers R, Friedlander G, Markham T. Biomechanical properties of bone allografts. Clin Orthop. 1983;174:54–7.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Penn I. The incidence of malignancies in transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 1975;7(2):323.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Poitout D. Greffes utilisées pour reconstruire l’appareil locomoteur. Paris: Masson; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Poitout D. Future of bone allografts in massive bone resection for tumor. Presse Med. 1996;25(11):527–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Poitout D. Reconstruction du cotyle et de l’hémibassin par allogreffe ou prothèse méttalique massive sur mesure. 73ème Réunion Annuelle de la S.O.F.C.O.T. – Paris les 10–13 novembre 1998. Revue de chirurgie Orthopédique. 1998;84(218):120–1.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Poitout D. Allografts of the patella and extensor apparatus. Atlas of open knee surgery. London/Paris: Edition Chapman & Hall; 1996. p. 42–9.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Poitout D. Allotraplanto della rotula e dell’apparato estensor. Atlante di technica chirurgica del ginocchio. Milan: Edition Masson; 1995. p. 42–9.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Poitout D. Banche d’osso: aspetti tecnici criopreservazione di allotraplanti osteocartilagineo. Atlante di technica chirurgica del ginocchio. Milan: Edition Masson; 1995. p. 178–9.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Poitout D. Bone bank: technical aspects of cryopreservation osteocartilaginous grafts. Atlas of open knee surgery. London/Paris: Edition Chapman & Hall; 1996. p. 178–9.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Poitout D. Conservation et utilisation de l’os de banque. Cahier d’enseignement de la S.O.F.C.O.T N°23. Expansion scientifique. Conférence 1985. p. 157–77.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Poitout D. Knee reconstruction prosthesis incorporating a large allograft. Atlas of open knee surgery. London/Paris: Edition Chapman & Hall; 1995. p. 145–51.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Poitout D. L’os biomateriaux. « Bulletin de l’Académie de Nationale de médecine ». Communication à l’Académie Nationale de Médecine. Paris, 14 mars 1995. 1995;179;3:517–36.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Poitout D. Les greffes de l’appareil locomoteur. Académie de Chirurgie (Paris, 10 avril 1996). « Mémoire de l’académie de Chirurgie ». 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Poitout D. Les reconstructions de cotyle après chirurgie iterative de la hanche. (A propos de 37 cas). Académie Nationale de Médecine. Paris, 5 mars 1996. Bulletin de l’Académie de Nationale de médecine . 1996;180;3:515–31.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Poitout D. Protesi di ricostruzione di ginocchio con allotraplanto massivo. Atlante di technica chirurgica del ginocchio. Milan: Edition Masson; 1995. p. 145–51.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Poitout D, Bernat M, Martin G, Tropiano P. Indications des greffes osteocartilagineuses massives en traumatologie du genou. Acta Orthopedica Belgica. 1996;62(6):59–65.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Poitout D, Bernat M, Martin G, Tropiano P. Indications des greffes osteo-cartilagineuses massives en traumatologie du genou. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. Edition Scandinavian University Press, vol. 62, 1997; suppl. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Poitout D, Bernat M, Moulene JF, Tropiano P. Allogreffes de cotyle et d’hémi-bassin. A propos de 37 cas. 71ème Réunion Annuelle de la S.O.F.C.O.T. – Paris les 12–15 novembre 1996. Revue de chirurgie Orthopédique. 1996;87(152):100.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Poitout D, Bernat M, Moulene JF, Tropiano P. Devenir des fractures du col du fémur. 71ème Réunion Annuelle de la S.O.F.C.O.T. – Paris les 12–15 novembre 1996. Revue de chirurgie Orthopédique. 1996;87(153):100–1.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Poitout D, Bernat M, Moulene JF, Tropiano P. Indications for cryopreserved allografts in tumoral pathology. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 1997;7:100–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Poitout D, Bernat M, Moulene JF, Tropiano P. Massive HIP prothese ensheated by allografts. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 1997;7:123–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Poitout D, Bernat M, Moulene JF, Tropiano P. Allogreffes osteochondrales ou prothèses articulaires en chirurgie traumatologique ou oncologique du genou. 71ème Réunion Annuelle de la S.O.F.C.O.T. – Paris les 12–15 novembre 1996. Revue de chirurgie Orthopédique. 1996;69–70, 87–99.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Poitout D, Dubousset JF, Tomeno B. Arthrectomie monobloc du genou. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique. 1995;81–6:565, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Poitout D, Lempadakis M, Bernat M, Lecoq C, Martin G, Aswad R. Secondary internal osteosynthesis after fixation for recent or lower limb. Revue de chirurgie orthopédique Réparatrice. 1996;82(2):137–44.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Poitout D, Lempidakis M. Artificial ligament repairs. Atlas of open knee surgery. London/Paris: Edition Chapman & Hall; 1996. p. 76–85.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Poitout D, Lempidakis M. Legamentoplastiche artificiali. Atlante di technica chirurgica del ginocchio. Milan: Edition Masson; 1995. p. 76–85.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Poitout D, Lempidakis M, et Loncle X, Bernat M. Les sarcomes ostéogeniques de l’extrêmité inférieur du fémur. Techniques de reconstruction – L’avenir. « Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique », Communication à l’Académie Nationale de Chirurgie, Paris le 29 mars 1995. 1995;566:81–6.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Poitout D, Lempidakis M, et Loncle X, Bernat M. Reconstructions massives du cotyle et du fémur proximal. Académie de Chirurgie (Paris, 1994). « Mémoire de l’académie de Chirurgie » Tome N°5, 1994–5;120.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Poitout D, Lempidakis M, et Loncle X. Allotraplanto osteo-cartilagineo massive dell’estremita inferiore del femore. Atlante di technica chirurgica del ginocchio. Milan: Edition Masson; 1995. p. 164–9.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Poitout D, Lempidakis M, et Loncle X. Allotraplanto osteocartilagineo massivo dell’estremita superiore della tibia. Atlante di technica chirurgica del ginocchio. Milan: Edition Masson; 1995. p. 170–7.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Poitout D, Lempidakis M, et Loncle X. Osteocartilaginous graft of the lower extremity of the femur. Atlas of open knee surgery. London/Paris: Edition Chapman & Hall; 1996. p. 164–9.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Poitout D, Lempidakis M, et Loncle X. Osteocartilaginous graft of the upper tibia. Atlas of open knee surgery. London/Paris: Edition Chapman & Hall; 1996. p. 170–7.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Poitout D, Loncle X. Legamento crociato posteriore. Atlante di technica chirurgica del ginocchio. Milan: Edition Masson; 1995. p. 86–8.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Poitout D, Loncle X. Posterior cruciate ligament. Atlas of open knee surgery. London/Paris: Edition Chapman & Hall; 1996. p. 86–8.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Poitout D, Lu J, Huang ZW, Tropiano P, Clouet D’Orval B, Remusant M, Dejou J, Proust JP. Human biological reactions at the interface between bone tissues and poly-methylmethacryalate cement. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2000;13:803–9.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Poitout D, Nandiegou Y, Lempidakis M. Artificial ligament repair. Atlas of open knee surgery. London/Paris: Edition Chapman & Hall; 1996. p. 89–93.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Poitout D, Nandiegou Y, Lempidakis M. Legamentoplatica artificiale. Atlante di technica chirurgica del ginocchio. Milan: Edition Masson; 1995. p. 89–93.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Poitout D, Novakovich G. Allogreffes et banque d’os. Encyclopédie Médico-chirurgicale (Paris-France), appareil locomoteur 14015AIO, 1986;5–6.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Poitout D, Ozoux P. Intra-articular repair of the posterior cruciate ligament using either semitendinosus or gracilis tendons (Lindenmann’s operation). Atlas of open knee surgery. Edition Chapman & Hall; 1996. p. 94–5.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Poitout D, Tropiano P. Les reconstitutions du cotyle après chirurgie iteractive de la hanche – A propos de 37 cas. Bull Acad Natl Med. 1996;180(3):515–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Poitout D, Tropiano P, Bernat M, Loncle X, Martin G. Greffes articulaires, mythe ou réalité? Entretiens de Bichat 1995. Paris 25–30 septembre 1995. Chirurgie-Spécialité. 1995;43–6.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Poitout D, Tropiano P, Bernat M, Moulene JF. Reconstruction massive de cotyle et du fémur proximal. Les Arcs, 20–25 janvier 1996. «Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol». 1996;6:271–7.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Pool AR, Reiner A, Choi H, Rosenberg LC. Immunological studies of proteoglycan subunit from bovine and human cartilage. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1979;4:55.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Pujet J, Utheza G. Reconstructionde l’os iliaque à l’aide du fémur homoilatéréal après résection pour tumeur pelvienne. Rev Chir Orthop. 1986;72:151–5.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Rodrigo JJ. Distal rat femur allografts: a surgical model for induction of humoral cytotoxic antibodies. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1977;2:265.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Rodrigo JJ, Fuller TC, Mankin HJ. Cytotoxic HL-A, antibodies in patient with bone and cartilage allografts. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1976;1:131.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Roy-Camille R, Laugier A, Ruyssen S, Chenal C, Bisserie M, Pene F, Saillant G. Evolution des greffes osseusescortico-spongieuses et radiothérapie. Rev Chir Orthop. 1981;67:599–608.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Sadler AM Jr, Sadler BL. Providing cadaver organs: three legal alternatives. Hastings Center Studies I. 1973;14.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Sadler Jr AM, Sadler BL, Stason EB, Stickel DL. Transplantation – A case for consent. N Engl J Med. 1969;280:862.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Sagi S, Turianskyj FH, Gyenes L. Immunogenicity of soluble murine histocomptabilicity antigens. Immunol Commun. 1974;3:85.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Salama R. Xenogeneic bone grafting in humans. Clin Orthop. 1983;174:113–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Schachar NS, Friedlander GE, Mankin HJ. Bone transplantation. In Slavin S, editor. Organ transplantation: present state, future goals. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press B.V. 1978 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  130. Schachar NS, Fuller TC, Wadsworth PL, Henry WB, Mankin HJ. A feline model for the study of frozen osteoarticular allografts. Development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in allograft recipients. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1978;3:131.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Schachar NS, Mankin HJ, Wadsworth PL, Henry WB, Castronovo FP. A feline model for the study of frozen osteoarticular allografts. I. Quantitative assessment of cartilage viability and bone healing. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1978;3:130.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Sell KW, Friedlander GE, editors. Tissues banking for transplantation. New-York: Grune & Stratton, Inc; 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Sell KW, Friedlander GE, Strong DM. Immunogenicity and freeze-drying. Cryoimmunology. 1976;17:187.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Shneider JR, Bright RW. Anterior cervical fusion using preserved bone allografts. Transplant Proc. 1976;8(suppl):73.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Shutkin NM. Homologous-serum hepatitis following use of refrigerated bone-bank bone: report of case. J Bone Joint Surg. 1954;36A:160.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Solomon L. Bone Grafts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73-B:706–7.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Spence KF, Sell KW, Brown RH. Solitary bone cyst: treatment with freeze-dried cancellous bone allograft. J Bone Joint Surg. 1969;51A:87.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Stockley I, Mc Auley JP, Gross AE. Allograft reconstruction in total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74-B:393–7.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Syftestad G, Urist M. Bone aging. Clin Orthop. 1982;162:288–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Takagi K, Urist M. The reaction of the dura to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in repair of skull defects. Ann Surg. 1982;196:100–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  141. Takagi K, Urist M. The role of bone marrow in bone morphogenetic protein-induced repair of femoral massive diaphyseal defects. Clin Orthop. 1982;171:224–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Takami H, Doi T, Ninomiya S. Reconstruction of a large tibial defect with a free vascularized fibular graft. Arch Orthop Surg. 1984;102:203–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Tavernier. Sur les greffes d’os tué. Lyon Chir., 1922, séance du 17 novembre 1921. Utilisation d’os purum. Lyon Chir 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Tomford WW, Fredricks GR, Mankin HJ. Cryopreservation of intact articular cartilage. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1982;7:176.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Tomford WW, Fredricks GR, Mankin HJ. Cryopreservation of isolated chondrocytes. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1982;6:100.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Tomford WW, Mankin HJ, Doppelt S. Bone bank procedures. Clin Orthop. 1983;174:15–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Tomford WW, Starkweather RJ, Golman MH. A study of the clinical incidence of infection in the use of banked allograft bone. J Bone Joint Surg. 1981;63A:244.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Trentham DE, Townes AS, Kang AH, David JR. Humoral and cellular sensitivity to collagen in type II. Collagen induced arthritis in rats. J Clin Invest. 1978;61:89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  149. Tuffier. Des greffes chirurgicales chez l’homme. Bull et Mém Soc Chir 36, 1983, Paris 1910.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Urist MR. Practical applications of basic research on bone graft physiology. In: AAOS: Instructional Course Lectures, vol. 25:1. St Louis: The C.V. Mosby Co; 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Urist MR, Delange R, Finermann G. Bone cell differentiation and growth factors. Science. 1983;220:680–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Urist MR, Mikulski A, Boyd SD. A chemosterilized antigen-extracted autodigested alloimplant for bone banks. Arch Surg. 1975;110:416.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Urist MR, et al. Human bone morphogenetic protein. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1983;173:194–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Volkov M. Allotransplantation of joints. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1970;52B:49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Volkov M, Imamaliyev AS. Use of allogenous articular bone implants as substitutes for autotransplants in adult patients. Clin Orthop. 1976;114:192.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Weiland A, Moore R, Daniel R. Vascularized bone autografts. Clin Orthop. 1983;174:87–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Weislander J, Heinegard D. Immunochemical analysis of cartilage proteoglycans: antigenic determinants of substructures. Biochem J. 1979;179:35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. Wilson PD. Follow-up study of the use of refrigerated homogenous bone transplants in orthopaedic operations. J Bone Joint Surg. 1951;33A:307.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Wilson RE, Penn I. Fate of tumors transplanted with a renal allograft. Transplant Proc. 1975;7(2):327.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Wittbjer J, Palmer B, Rohlin M, Thorngren K. Osteogenetic activity in composite grafts of demineralized compact bone and marrow. Clin Orthop. 1983;173:229–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Yablon I, Brandt KD, Delellis RA. The antigenic determinants of articular cartilage: their role in the homograft rejection. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1977;2:90.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Yablon I, Copperband S, Covall D. Matrix antigens in allografts. Clin Orthop. 1982;168:243–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Yamane K, Nathenson SG. Biochemical similarity of papain-solubilized H-2d, alloantigens from tumor cells and from normal cells. Biochemistry. 1970;9:4743.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Zaleske D, Ehrlich M, Piliero C, May J, Mankin HJ. Growth plate behavior in whole joint replantation in the rabbit. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:249–57.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté de Médecine Nord, Sce Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Marseille North, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France

    Dominique G. Poitout MD

  2. Brd Baille, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, 13006, Marseille, France

    Y. Nouaille de Gorce MD

Authors
  1. Dominique G. Poitout MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Y. Nouaille de Gorce MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille CX 20, France

    Dominique G. Poitout

Appendix

Appendix

Recommendations for Setting Up a Tissue Bank for the Locomotor Apparatus

These recommendations are those used by the Blood Transfusion Center of Marseilles to, among other things, preserve bone, cartilage, and ligament grafts.

The Organization of a Tissue Bank

General

The need for:

  • a tissue removal team approved by the Ministry, a geographical location for treating, storing, and making the tissue available.

Equipment

A preservation department equipped with storage tanks or apparatus, a temperature-lowering programmer indispensable for preserving bone, cartilage, and ligament tissue.Laboratories experienced in the following quality controls:

  • donor control,

  • tissue control,

  • validation of the preservation techniques.

Personnel

At the hospital:

  • the person in charge of tissue removal checks that removal from a subject in a state of brain death is in line with the regulations,

  • the surgical teams remove and treat the tissue.

At the tissue bank:

  • the bank receives the tissue,

  • the technical staff at the bank treats the tissue,

  • the laboratories perform viral serological tests on the donor and a bacteriological examination of the tissue removed,

  • the bank’s medical supervisor oversees everything.

Techniques

For each tissue, all the technical aspects of the removal, treatment, storage, quality control, distribution, and results of examinations are recorded in a manual updated regularly.

Information

Information on the donor:

  • Identity, sex, age;

  • Radiography of the tissue if necessary;

  • Cause of death;

  • Medical history;

  • ABO blood group and HLA if known;

  • Operating protocol of removal, therapies used;

  • Results of any laboratory examinations;

  • Results of the control examinations;

  • Tissue removal center and department.

Information on the host:

  • Identity, sex, age;

  • Origin of the graft;

  • Attribution criteria;

  • Identification of the use of the graft, site and date;

  • Possible response to implantation of the graft;

  • ABO blood group and HLA if known;

  • Results of the culture at the time of the graft;

  • Note any departure from the guidelines for handling and reconstitution;

  • An estimate of the clinical results.

Quality Control

Each tissue preservation department has to take part in the development of the methods which make it possible to evaluate the indications of the tissue grafts preserved. Periodical monitoring of the bacteriological status has to be practiced, checking, before they are dispatched, at least 5 % of the grafts every 6 months and more if problems with bacterial contamination are suspected.

Tissue Removal
General Ethical and Legal Considerations

In general, acceptable sources of tissues are cadavers less than 6 h after circulation has stopped, patients in a state of brain death, and patients who have had part of their tissue removed for therapeutic purposes (femoral head).The Caillavet law considers a donor to be any person who, during his lifetime, did not express any opposition to removal of his or her tissue. It is difficult, in practice, not to consider the pain suffered by those close to the person they have lost.

Selection Criteria

These vary depending on the tissue removed. Age may be a limiting factor following the use which will be made of the tissue taken. For cartilage in particular, it seems to be necessary to graft only normal joint surfaces which have been taken from healthy subjects.

Tissue may be removed from the cadaver for 5 h after his or her death if it is kept at ambient temperature and for approximately 12 h if the cadaver is stored at 4 °C immediately after death. The tissue removed from a live patient can be placed in a container, closed immediately and refrigerated at 4 °C. A valid preservation technique can be considered to be up to 12 h after the tissue has been removed and stored at the preservation temperature.

A medical history of the donor has to be sent. Potential donors will be excluded if their current medical history mentions:

  • developing septicemia,

  • a localized infection in the tissue to be removed,

  • a slowly developing viral episode

  • malignant neoplasia except for most of the cerebral tumors,

  • the existence of active hepatitis or unexplained jaundice,

  • systemic disease,

  • a patient belonging to the risk groups,

  • heavy irradiation on risk groups,

  • treatment with drugs which are toxic to the tissue to be removed.

Laboratory tests have to be performed on the blood of the cadaver or on the live donor:

  • a test for the hepatitis B virus,

  • a test for syphilis,

  • a test for HIV antibodies,

  • the transaminase levels,

  • a test for anti-HBc antibodies,

  • a test for anti-HCV antibodies,

  • a test for anti-HTL V1 and anti-HTL V2 antibodies

  • a test for anti-CMV antibodies.

The erythrocyte blood groups and tissue groups should be used and a serum bank should be set up.

Wherever possible, the tissue should be removed under sterile conditions in an operating theatre. If the allografts are removed in a non-sterile manner, it should be ensured that effective sterilization techniques can be used without damaging the tissue structure.

If a collecting medium is used, it has to be sterile and physiological.

If antibiotics are used, the bacterial cultures have to be grown before they are added and the type of antibiotics has to be clearly recorded. A final bacteriological check is recommended before the tissues are dispatched.

Fragments of tissues to be grafted have to undergo bacteriological and fungal studies using current methods and media. Cultures of the donor blood have to be carried out when the tissue is removed as well as a urine culture and possibly also a culture of a pleural effusion.

Secondary sterilization. If it is carried out, the biological and biochemical integrity of the graft has to be maintained. The methods used for decontaminating surfaces are acceptable if only the surface can be contaminated.

Preservation and Storage

The methods used to preserve and store tissue allografts vary according to the type of tissue and the clinical application in which they are included. Although the optimum methods have not been defined, the best for long-term preservation would appear to be preservation at very low temperatures (−80 °C). Continuous monitoring of the temperature may be necessary. Storage for 12 h at the most at 4 °C may be practiced from the time the tissue was removed. Only materials which are resistant to low temperatures are suitable for this type of preservation. They have to be sterile. The culture media may vary and have to be defined for each type of cell. Precautions have to be taken to check the persistence of the activity of the cells being cultured and for the absence of contamination.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Poitout, D.G., de Gorce, Y.N. (2016). Bone Banks: Technical Aspects of the Preparation and Preservation of Articular Allografts. In: Poitout, D. (eds) Biomechanics and Biomaterials in Orthopedics. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-664-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-664-9_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-663-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-664-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation