Skip to main content
  • 2295 Accesses

Abstract

Imaging plays a key role in the assessment of infective endocarditis (IE). Echocardiography, particularly trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TOE), gives useful information concerning the diagnosis of IE, the assessment of the severity of the disease, the prediction of short-term and long-term prognosis, and the follow-up of patients under specific antibiotic therapy. Other imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT scan, and invasive angiography, are of limited value for the diagnosis of IE, but are useful for the diagnosis and management of its complications. Finally intra-operative echocardiography must be performed in IE to help surgeons in the intra-operative assessment and management of patients with IE.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Habib G. Embolic risk in subacute bacterial endocarditis. Role of transesophageal echocardiography. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2003;5:129–136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hoen B, Alla F, Selton-Suty C, et al Changing profile of infective endocarditis: results of a 1-year survey in France. JAMA. 2002;288: 75–81

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Hasbun R, Vikram HR, Barakat LA, Buenconsejo J, Quagliarello VJ. Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis in adults: risk classification for mortality. JAMA. 2003;289(15):1933–1940

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Tornos P, Iung B, Permanyer-Miralda G, et al Infective endocarditis in Europe: lessons from the Euro heart survey. Heart. 2005;91: 571–575

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Habib G, Avierinos JF, Thuny F. Aortic valve endocarditis: is there an optimal surgical timing? Curr Opin Cardiol. 2007;22:77–83

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Horstkotte D, Follath F, Gutschik E, et al Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis executive summary: the task force on infective endocarditis of the European society of cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:267–276

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med. 1994;96: 200–209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Rohmann S, Erbel R, Darius H, et al Prediction of rapid versus prolonged healing of infective endocarditis by monitoring vegetation size. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1991;4:465–474

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Karalis DG, Bansal RC, Hauck AJ, et al Transesophageal echocardiographic recognition of subaortic complications in aortic valve endocarditis. Clinical and surgical implications. Circulation. 1992; 86:353–362

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Vilacosta I, San Roman JA, Sarria C, et al Clinical, anatomic, and echocardiographic characteristics of aneurysms of the mitral valve. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:110–113, A119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Habib G, Derumeaux G, Avierinos JF, et al Value and limitations of the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:2023–2029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sochowski RA, Chan KL. Implication of negative results on a monoplane transesophageal echocardiographic study in patients with suspected infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:216–221

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hill EE, Herijgers P, Claus P, Vanderschueren S, Peetermans WE, Herregods MC. Abscess in infective endocarditis: the value of transesophageal echocardiography and outcome: a 5-year study. Am Heart J. 2007;154:923–928

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Klug D, Lacroix D, Savoye C, et al Systemic infection related to endocarditis on pacemaker leads: clinical presentation and management. Circulation. 1997;95:2098–2107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Piper C, Korfer R, Horstkotte D. Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Heart. 2001;85:590–593

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Habib G, Thuny F, Avierinos JF. Prosthetic valve endocarditis: current approach and therapeutic options. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;50:274–281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lamas CC, Eykyn SJ. Suggested modifications to the Duke criteria for the clinical diagnosis of native valve and prosthetic valve endocarditis: analysis of 118 pathologically proven cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:713–719

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. San Roman JA, Lopez J, Vilacosta I, et al Prognostic stratification of patients with left-sided endocarditis determined at admission. Am J Med. 2007;120:369, e361–367

    Google Scholar 

  19. Thuny F, Di Salvo G, Belliard O, et al Risk of embolism and death in infective endocarditis: prognostic value of echocardiography: a prospective multicenter study. Circulation. 2005;112:69–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Di Salvo G, Habib G, Pergola V, et al Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 37:1069–1076

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Steckelberg JM, Murphy JG, Ballard D, et al Emboli in infective endocarditis: the prognostic value of echocardiography. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:635–640

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Vilacosta I, Graupner C, San Roman JA, et al Risk of embolization after institution of antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1489–1495

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Anguera I, Miro JM, Vilacosta I, et al Aorto-cavitary fistulous tract formation in infective endocarditis: clinical and echocardiographic features of 76 cases and risk factors for mortality. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:288–297

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Shapira Y, Weisenberg DE, Vaturi M, et al The impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in infective endocarditis. Isr Med Assoc J. 2007;9:299–302

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gilbert Habib .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Habib, G., Thuny, F. (2010). Endocarditis. In: Zamorano, J.L., Bax, J.J., Rademakers, F.E., Knuuti, J. (eds) The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-421-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-421-8_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-420-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-421-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics