Skip to main content

The Artificial Kidney

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Artificial Organs

Part of the book series: New Techniques in Surgery Series ((NEWTECHN,volume 4))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ansell D, Feest T, Tomson C, Will E, Williams AJ. UK Renal Registry Report 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Johnson R, Feehally J. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. London: Elsevier; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Graham T. The Balkerian Lecture: On Osmotic Force. Phil Trans R Soc Lond. 1854;144:177–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Fick A. Ueber Diffusion. Annalen derPhysik un Chemie. 1855;170:59–86.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Abel J, Rowntree L, Turner B. On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood of living animals by means of dialysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1912;5:275–283.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Haas G. Dialysieren des strömendes Blutes am Lebenden. Klin Wochenschr. 1925;2:1888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Haas G. Versuche der Blutauswaschung am Lebenden mit Hilfe der Dialyse. Klin Wochenschr. 1925;4:13–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Haas G. Ueber Versuche der Blutauswaschung am Lebenden mit Hilfe der Dialyse. Archiv Exp Path Pharmakol. 1926;106:158–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Haas G. Die Methoden der Blutauswaschung. Aberhalden’s Handb Biol Arbeitsmethoden Abt V teil. 1935;8:717–754.

    Google Scholar 

  10. George C.R.P. Hirudin, heparin and Heinrich Neceles. Nephrology. 1998;4:225–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. ‘En effet, il y a dans les bois le tissu primitif, isomère avec amidon, que nous applerons cellulose, et de plus une matière qui en remplit les cellules, et qui constitue la matière ligneuse véritable’. [The committee was formed of Brogniart, Pelouze and Dumas, and reported to the Académie on 14th January 1839: C R Acad Sci Paris1839; VIII: 51. It appears that the author of the word glucose, and presumably also cellulose, was Dumas, the rapporteur of the committee.]. In: eds. Book ‘En effet, il y a dans les bois le tissu primitif, isomère avec amidon, que nous applerons cellulose, et de plus une matière qui en remplit les cellules, et qui constitue la matière ligneuse véritable’. [The committee was formed of Brogniart, Pelouze and Dumas, and reported to the Académie on 14th January 1839: C R Acad Sci Paris1839; VIII: 51. It appears that the author of the word glucose, and presumably also cellulose, was Dumas, the rapporteur of the committee.].

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wilson F.L. Experiments with cellophane as a sterilisable dialysable membrane. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1927;127:239.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Andrus F.C. Use of Visking sausage casing for ultrafiltration. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1929;27:127–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fagette P. Hemodialysis 1912–1945: no medical technology: before its time: part I. ASAIO J. 1999;45:238–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Thalhimer W, Solandt DY, Best CH. Experimental exchange transfusion using purified heparin. Lancet. 1938;2:554–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Thalhimer W. Experimental exchange transfusions for reducing azotemia: Use of artificial kidney for this purpose. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1938;37:641–643.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Stewart RD, Cerny JC, Mahon HI. The Capillary "Kidney": Preliminary Report. Med Bull (Ann Arbor). 1964;30:116–118.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Stewart R, Cerny J, Mahon H. An artificial kidney made from capillary fibres. Invest Urol. 1966;5:614–624.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Streicher E, Schneider H. Polysulphone membrane mimicking human glomerular basement membrane. Lancet. 1983;2:1136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Drexler KE. Nanosystems molecular machinery, manufacturing and computation. Chichester: Wiley; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bowry SK. Nano-controlled membrane spinning technology: regulation of pore size, distribution and morphology of a new polysulfone dialysis membrane. Contrib Nephrol. 2002;137:85–94.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bowry SK. Dialysis membranes today. Int J Artif Organs. 2002;25:447–460.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kloff WJ, Berk HTJ, ter Welle M, van der Ley AJW, van Dijk EC, van Noordwijk J. The artificial Kidney: a dialyser with a great area. Acta Med Scand. 1944;117:121–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bywaters EGL, Joekes AM. Artificial kidney: its application to treatment of traumatic anuria. Proc Roy Soc Med. 1948;41:420–426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Clarke W. A Canadian giant: Dr. Gordon Murray and the artificial kidney. CMAJ. 1987;137:246–248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. McKeller S. Gordon Murray and the artificial kidney in Canada. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14:2766–2770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Skeggs LT, Jr., Leonards JR. Studies on an Artificial Kidney: I. Preliminary Results With a New Type of Continuous Dialyzer. Science. 1948;108:212–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Murphy WP, Jr., Swan RC, Jr., Walter CW, Weller JM, Merrill JP. Use of an artificial kidney. III. Current procedures in clinical hemodialysis. J Lab Clin Med. 1952;40: 436–444.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Inouye WY, Engelberg J. A simplified artificial dialyzer and ultrafilter. Surg Forum. 1953;4:438–442.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wong D, Lambie AT, Winney RJ, Turner AN. Haemodialysis in Edinburgh 1957–1987. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2002;32:114–121.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kiil F. Development of a parallel-flow artificial kidney in plastics. Acta Chir Scand Suppl Suppl. 1960;253:142–150.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Scribner BH, Buri R, Caner JE, Hegstrom R, Burnell JM. The treatment of chronic uremia by means of intermittent hemodialysis: a preliminary report. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1960;6:114–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Maclean J. The discovery of heparin. Circulation. 1959;19:75–78.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Howell WH. Heparin, an anticoagulant. Am J Physiol. 1923;63:434–435.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Howell WH, Holt E. Two new factors in blood coagulation: Heparin and pro-antithrombin. Am J Physiol. 1918;47:328–341.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Quinton W, Dillard D, Scribner BH. Cannulation of blood vessels for prolonged hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1960;6:104–113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Scribner BH. Lasker Clinical Medicine Research Award. Medical dilemmas: the old is new. Nat Med. 2002;8:1066–1067.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Brescia MJ, Cimino JE, Appel K, Hurwich BJ. Chronic hemodialysis using venipuncture and a surgically created arteriovenous fistula. N Engl J Med. 1966;275:1089–1092.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Johnson R, Feehally J. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. London: Elsevier; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Schwab SJ, Weiss MA, Rushton F, Ross JP, Jackson J, Kapoian T, Yegge J, Rosenblatt M, Reese WJ, Soundararajan R, Work J, Ross J, Stainken B, Pedan A, Moran JA. Multicenter clinical trial results with the LifeSite hemodialysis access system. Kidney Int. 2002;62:1026–1033.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Locatelli F, Covic A, Chazot C, Leunissen K, Luno J, Yaqoob M. Optimal composition of the dialysate, with emphasis on its influence on blood pressure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:785–796.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Vinay P, Cardoso M, Tejedor A, Prud'homme M, Levelillee M, Vinet B, Courteau M, Gougoux A, Rengel M, Lapierre L, et al. Acetate metabolism during hemodialysis: metabolic considerations. Am J Nephrol. 1987;7:337–354.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Alfrey AC, LeGendre GR, Kaehny WD. The dialysis encephalopathy syndrome. Possible aluminum intoxication. N Engl J Med. 1976;294:184–188.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Petrie JJ, Fleming R, McKinnon P, Winney RJ, Cowie J. The use of ion exchange to remove aluminum from water used in hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1984;4:69–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Botella J, Traver JA, Sanz-Guajardo D, Torres MT, Sanjuan I, Zabala P. Chloramines, an aggravating factor in the anemia of patients on regular dialysis treatment. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1977;14:192–199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Eaton JW, Kolpin CF, Swofford HS, Kjellstrand CM, Jacob HS. Chlorinated urban water: a cause of dialysis-induced hemolytic anemia. Science. 1973;181:463–464.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Fluck S, McKane W, Cairns T, Fairchild V, Lawrence A, Lee J, Murray D, Polpitiye M, Palmer A, Taube D. Chloramine-induced haemolysis presenting as erythropoietin resistance. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14:1687–1691.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Calderaro RV, Heller L. [Outbreak of hemolytic reactions associated with chlorine and chloramine residuals in hemodialysis water]. Rev Saude Publica. 2001;35:481–486.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Pyo HJ, Kwon YJ, Wee KS, Kwon SY, Lee CH, Kim S, Lee JS, Cho SH, Cha CW. An outbreak of Heinz body positive hemolytic anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. Korean J Intern Med. 1993;8:93–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Tipple MA, Shusterman N, Bland LA, McCarthy MA, Favero MS, Arduino MJ, Reid MH, Jarvis WR. Illness in hemodialysis patients after exposure to chloramine contaminated dialysate. ASAIO Trans. 1991;37:588–591.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kjellstrand CM, Evans RL, Petersen RJ, Shideman JR, von Hartitzsch B, Buselmeier TJ. The "unphysiology" of dialysis: a major cause of dialysis side effects? Kidney Int. 1975;Suppl:30–34.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ronco C, Ghezzi PM, La Greca G. The role of technology in hemodialysis. J Nephrol. 1999;12(Suppl 2):S68–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Woffindin C, Hoenich NA. Hemodialyzer performance: a review of the trends over the past two decades. Artif Organs. 1995;19:1113–1119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Nissenson AR, Ronco C, Pergamit G, Edelstein M, Watts R. Continuously functioning artificial nephron system: the promise of nanotechnology. Hemodial Int. 2005;9:210–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Humes HD, Krauss JC, Cieslinski DA, Funke AJ. Tubulogenesis from isolated single cells of adult mammalian kidney: clonal analysis with a recombinant retrovirus. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:F42–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Humes HD. Tissue engineering of a bioartificial kidney: a universal donor organ. Transplant Proc. 1996;28:2032–2035.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Humes HD, Buffington DA, MacKay SM, Funke AJ, Weitzel WF. Replacement of renal function in uremic animals with a tissue-engineered kidney. Nat Biotechnol. 1999;17:451–455.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Humes HD, Fissell WH, Weitzel WF, Buffington DA, Westover AJ, MacKay SM, Gutierrez JM Metabolic replacement of kidney function in uremic animals with a bioartificial kidney containing human cells. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:1078–1087.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Humes HD, Weitzel WF, Bartlett RH, Swaniker FC, Paganini EP, Luderer JR, Sobota J. Initial clinical results of the bioartificial kidney containing human cells in ICU patients with acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 2004;66:1578–1588.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kirwan, C., Frankel, A. (2009). The Artificial Kidney. In: Hakim, N. (eds) Artificial Organs. New Techniques in Surgery Series, vol 4. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-283-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-283-2_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-281-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-283-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics