Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a relatively common congenital heart defect occurring in approximately 15% of patients with congenital heart disease. The four main anatomic features of TOF include right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction [1, 2], ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic dextroposition overridding the VSD, and right ventricular hypertrophy (Fig. 19.1). Current teaching postulates that the basic pathology of TOF results from underdevelopment of the right ventricular infundibulum. This underdevelopment causes an anterior malalignment of the infundibular septum which subsequently determines the degree of RVOT obstruction. The VSD that results from this malalignment is almost always large, and thus unrestrictive, permitting similar pressures between the right and left ventricles to occur. In addition to these features the pulmonary valve is frequently hypoplastic and thickened and the level of obstruction may extend to the main pulmonary artery and right and left pulmonary arteries.
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Chrysostomou, C., Domnina, Y.A., Kazmerski, T.M., Muñoz, R., Morell, V.O. (2009). Tetralogy of Fallot. In: Munoz, R., Morell, V., Cruz, E., Vetterly, C. (eds) Critical Care of Children with Heart Disease. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-262-7_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-262-7_19
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