The ongoing quest to minimize the invasiveness of surgery is exemplified by robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, single-incision laparoscopic surgery, and even natural-orifice transluminal surgery. Surgeons and engineers are pushing the boundaries of technological advancement to allow the performance of complex procedures with minimal trauma to the patient. Miniaturization and robotic-assistance are key components of this progress, and in 2009, we are witnessing increasing enthusiasm for novel systems, which have moved out of the engineering laboratory and into the operating room. While the da Vinci® surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, CA, USA) heralded the first widely implemented generation of surgical “robotics,” it is clear that much greater technological advances are on the horizon, which will make systems like the da Vinci® look gargantuan by comparison.
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Acknowledgments
Many thanks to Dr Adriano Cavalcanti of the CAN Centre for Automation in Nanobiotech, Melbourne, Australia, for his advice in the preparation of this chapter and for his permission to use images reproduced here.
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Murphy, D.G., Costello, A.J. (2010). Nanotechnology. In: Dasgupta, P., Fitzpatrick, J., Kirby, R., Gill, I.S. (eds) New Technologies in Urology. New Techniques in Surgery Series, vol 7. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-178-1_30
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