Radical cystectomy/anterior exenteration is currently regarded as the gold standard for managing invasive bladder cancer, extensive uncontrollable superficial cancer, and refractory carcinoma in situ (CIS). At specialized centers, the 5-year recurrence-free survival for muscle invasive disease is 56–73%.1 Optimum standards for this procedure include 10% positive surgical margins overall and 15% in patients with T3 and T4 tumors. [Au1]The median number of lymph nodes retrieved should be 10–14.2 Although open radical cystectomy (ORC) has become safer in expert hands, it remains a formidable procedure with a complication rate of around 30–50%. Excessive bowel handling, fluid loss, and opiates can lead to prolonged ileus. In spite of improvements in surgical techniques, blood loss during ORC is often significant. The hospital stay is consequently quite prolonged with 18–21 days, quoted as the UK average.3
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Dasgupta, P., Elhage, O., Rimington, P., Khan, M.S. (2010). Robotic-Assisted Radical Cystectomy. In: Dasgupta, P., Fitzpatrick, J., Kirby, R., Gill, I.S. (eds) New Technologies in Urology. New Techniques in Surgery Series, vol 7. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-178-1_2
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