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Venous Embolization of the Liver pp 37–47Cite as

Liver Regeneration and the Atrophy–Hypertrophy Complex

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Abstract

The Atrophy–Hypertrophy Complex (AHC) refers to the liver’s response to ­hepatocellular loss by the controlled restoration of liver parenchyma. Although atrophy can be due to various types of injury (e.g., toxins, ischemia, biliary obstruction, and partial hepatectomy), hypertrophy is relatively constant when there is a minimum amount of functional liver remnant. The AHC requires complex anatomic, histologic, cellular, and molecular processes, some of which have been defined. In patients in whom extended liver resection would result in liver insufficiency, preoperative portal vein embolization may increase the remnant liver ­sufficiently to permit aggressive resection. Continued basic science research may increase our understanding of the AHC to prevent or treat liver insufficiency.

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Abbreviations

PVE:

Portal Vein Embolization

BCS:

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

I/R:

Ischemia/Reperfusion

MPT:

Mitochondrial Permeability Transition

TNFα:

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

NO:

Nitric Oxide

iNOS:

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthetase

MAPK:

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase

HGF:

Hepatocytes Growth Factor

TGF-α:

Transforming Growth Factor Alpha

EGFR:

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase

PVL:

Portal Vein Ligation

TGF-β:

Transforming Growth Factor Beta

ECM:

Extracellular Matrix

uPA:

Urokinase-like Plasminogen Activator

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Division of General and GI Surgery, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, 100118, 32610, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Kevin E. Behrns

  2. Department of Surgery, Division of General and GI Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Robin D. Kim M.D. & Jae-Sung Kim Ph.D.

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  1. Robin D. Kim M.D.
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  2. Jae-Sung Kim Ph.D.
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  3. Kevin E. Behrns
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Correspondence to Kevin E. Behrns .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, 10032, New York, USA

    David C. Madoff

  2. University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan

    Masatoshi Makuuchi

  3. School of Medicine, Dept. Surgery I, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho 65, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, 466-8550, Japan

    Masato Nagino

  4. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Dept. Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, Holcombe Blvd. 1515, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    Jean-Nicolas Vauthey

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Kim, R.D., Kim, JS., Behrns, K.E. (2011). Liver Regeneration and the Atrophy–Hypertrophy Complex. In: Madoff, D., Makuuchi, M., Nagino, M., Vauthey, JN. (eds) Venous Embolization of the Liver. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-122-4_6

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