Abstract
Injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and the leading cause of death among young people in the USA. However, fatalities represent only a small fraction of those injured – of the 2.5 million patients who were hospitalized for injuries in 2003, only 148,000 died of their injuries.2,3 Urogenital injuries, though common, are often not life-threatening and are easily overlooked during the initial stabilization of the trauma patient, resulting in significant morbidity.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Turner-Warwick R. A personal view of the immediate management of pelvic fracture urethral injuries. Urol Clin North Am. 1977;4:81
Traffic Safety Facts 2005. U.S. Department of Transportation http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/tsf2005.pdf
10 Leading Causes of Death by Age Group, United States – 2004. Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/LeadingCauses.html
Alsikafi NF, McAninch JW, Elliott SP, Garcia M. Nonoperative management outcomes of isolated urinary extravasation following renal lacerations due to external trauma. J Urol. 2006;176(6 Pt 1):2494-2497
Miller KS, McAninch JW. Radiographic assessment of renal trauma: our 15-year experience. J Urol. 1995;154(2 Pt 1):352-355
Cass AS. Renovascular injuries from external trauma. Urol Clin North Am. 1989;16:213-220
Moore E, Shackford S, Packter H, et al. Scaling: spleen, liver, and kidney. J Trauma. 1989;29:1664-1666
Matthews LA, Smith EM, Spirnak JP. Nonoperative treatment of major blunt renal lacerations with urinary extravasation. J Urol. 1997;157:2056-2058
McAninch JW, Master VA. Genitourinary tract trauma. In: Mastery of Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:1781
Moudouni SM, Hadj Slimen M, Manunta A, et al. Management of major blunt renal lacerations: is a nonoperative approach indicated? Eur Urol. 2001;40:409-414
Thall EH, Stone NN, Cheng DL, et al. Conservative management of penetrating and blunt type III renal injuries. Br J Urol. 1996;77:512-517
Velmahos GC, Demetriades D, Cornwell EE 3rd, et al. Selective management of renal gunshot wounds. Br J Surg. 1998;85:1121-1124
Santucci RA, Fisher MB. The literature increasingly supports expectant (conservative) management of renal trauma – a systematic review. J Trauma. 2005;59(2):493-503; review
Altman AL, Haas C, Dinchman KH, Spirnak JP. Selective nonoperative management of blunt grade 5 renal injury. J Urol. 2000;164(1):27-30
Santucci RA, Wessells H, Bartsch G, et al. Evaluation and management of renal injuries: consensus statement of the renal trauma subcommittee. BJU Int. 2004;93(7):937-954
McAninch JW. Editorial comment. J Urol. 2000;164(1):30-31
Sofocleous CT, Hinrichs C, Hubbi B, et al. Angiographic findings and embolo-therapy in renal arterial trauma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2005;28:39
Breyer BN, McAninch JW, Elliott SP, Master VA. Minimally invasive endovascular techniques to treat acute renal hemorrhage. J Urol. 2008;179(6):2248-2252; discussion 2253
Morey AF, McAninch JW, Tiller BK, et al. Single shot intraoperative excretory urography for the immediate evaluation of renal trauma. J Urol. 1999;161(4):1088-1092
McAninch JW, Carroll PR. Renal trauma: kidney preservation through improved vascular control – a refined approach. J Trauma. 1982;22(4):285-290
Carroll PR, Klosterman P, McAninch JW. Early vascular control for renal trauma: a critical review. J Urol. 1989;141(4):826-829
Meng MV, Brandes SB, McAninch JW. Renal trauma: indications and techniques for surgical exploration. World J Urol. 1999;17(2):71-77; review
Haas CA, Dinchman KH, Nasrallah PF, Spirnak JP. Traumatic renal artery occlusion: a 15-year review. J Trauma. 1998;45(3):557-561
Lohse JR, Botham RJ, Waters RF. Traumatic bilateral renal artery thrombosis: case report and review of literature. J Urol. 1982;127:522-525
Stein JP, Kaji DM, et al. Blunt renal trauma in the pediatric population: indications for radiographic evaluation. Urology. 1994;44(3):406-410
Buckley J, McAninch JW. Pediatric renal injuries: management guidelines from a 25-year experience. J Urol. 2004;172:687-690
Rana AI, Kenney PJ, Lockhart ME, et al. Adrenal gland hematomas in trauma patients. Radiology. 2004;230(3):669-675
Gomez RG, McAninch JW, Carroll PR. Adrenal glandtrauma: diagnosis and management. J Trauma. 1993;35:870
Gabal-Shehab L, Alagiri M. Traumatic adrenal injuries. J Urol. 2005;173(4):1330-1331
Elliott SP, McAninch JW. Ureteral injuries from external violence: the 25-year experience at San Francisco General Hospital. J Urol. 2003;170(4 Pt 1):1213-1216
Moore EE, Cogbill TH, Jurkovich GJ, et al. Organ injury scaling. III: chest wall, abdominal vascular, ureter, bladder, and urethra. J Trauma. 1992;33(3):337-339
Best CD, Petrone P, Buscarini M, et al. Traumatic ureteral injuries: a single institution experience validating the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-Organ Injury Scale grading scale. J Urol. 2005;173(4):1202-1205
Amato JJ, Billy LJ, Gruber RP, et al. Vascular injuries. An experimental study of high and low velocity missile wounds. Arch Surg. 1970;101(2):167-174
Santucci RA, Chang YJ. Ballistics for physicians: myths about wound ballistics and gunshot injuries. J Urol. 2004;171(4):1408-1414
Kirchner KA, MacMillan RA, Krueger RP, Raju S. Fluorescein sodium injection for evaluation of ureteric vasculature prior to cadaveric renal transplantation. Transplantation. 1982;33(1):100-101
Brandes S, Coburn M, Armenakas N, McAninch J. Diagnosis and management of ureteric injury: an evidence-based analysis. BJU Int. 2004;94(3):277-289; review
Brewer ME, Wilmoth RJ, Enderson BL, Daley BJ. Prospective comparison of microscopic and gross hematuria as predictors of bladder injury in blunt trauma. Urology. 2007;69(6):1086-1089
Mouraviev VB, Coburn M, Santucci RA. The treatment of posterior urethral disruption associated with pelvic fractures: comparative experience of early realignment versus delayed urethroplasty. J Urol. 2005;173(3):873-876
Basta AM, Blackmore CC, Wessells H. Predicting urethral injury from pelvic fracture patterns in male patients with blunt trauma. J Urol. 2007;177(2):571-575
Doyle SM, Master VA, McAninch JW. Appropriate use of CT in the diagnosis of bladder rupture. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;200(6):973
Voelzke BB, McAninch JW. Is genitourinary imaging necessary in patients who have microscopic hematuria after trauma? Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2007;4(11):590-591
Gomez RG, Ceballos L, Coburn M, et al. Consensus statement on bladder injuries. BJU Int. 2004;94(1):27-32; review
Colapinto V, McCallum RW. Injury to the male posterior urethra in fractured pelvis: a new classification. J Urol. 1977;118(4):575-580
Chapple C, Barbagli G, Jordan G, et al. Consensus statement on urethral trauma. BJU Int. 2004;93(9):1195-1202; review
Whitson JM, McAninch JW, Tanagho EA, et al. Mechanism of continence after repair of posterior urethral disruption: evidence of rhabdosphincter activity. J Urol. 2007;179:1035-1039
Carlin BI, Resnick MI. Indications and techniques for urologic evaluation of the trauma patient with suspected urologic injury. Semin Urol. 1995;13:9-24
Lucey DT, Smith MJ, Koontz WW Jr. Modern trends in the management of urologic trauma. J Urol. 1972;107(4):641-646
Kotkin L, Koch MO. Morbidity associated with nonoperative management of extraperitoneal bladder injuries. J Trauma. 1995;38(6):895-898
Franko ER, Ivatury RR, Schwalb DM. Combined penetrating rectal and genitourinary injuries: a challenge in management. J Trauma. 1993;34(3):347-353
Taffet R. Management of pelvic fractures with concomitant urologic injuries. Orthop Clin North Am. 1997;28(3):389-396
Elliott SP, McAninch JW. Extraperitoneal bladder trauma: delayed surgical management can lead to prolonged convalescence. J Trauma. 2009;66:274-275
Volpe MA et al. Is there a difference in outcome when treating traumatic intraperitoneal bladder rupture with or without a suprapubic tube? J Urol. 1999;161(4):1103-1105
Parry NG, Rozycki GS, Feliciano DV, et al. Traumatic rupture of the urinary bladder: is the suprapubic tube necessary? J Trauma. 2003;54(3):431-436
Corriere JN Jr, Sandler CM. Management of the ruptured bladder: seven years of experience with 111 cases. J Trauma. 1986;26(9):830-833
Monga M, Moreno T, Hellstrom WJ. Gunshot wounds to the male genitalia. J Trauma. 1995;38(6):855-858
Park S, McAninch JW. Straddle injuries to the bulbar urethra: management and outcomes in 78 patients. J Urol. 2004;171(2 Pt 1):722-725
Ying-Hao S, Chuan-Liang X, Guo-Qiang L, et al. Urethroscopic realignment of ruptured bulbar urethra. J Urol. 2000;164:1543
Kukadia AN, Ercole CJ, Gleich P, et al. Testicular trauma: potential impact on reproductive function. J Urol. 1996;156(5):1643-1646
Morey AF, Metro MJ, Carney KJ, et al. Consensus on genitourinary trauma: external genitalia. BJU Int. 2004;94(4):507-515
Breyer BN, Cooperberg MR, McAninch JW, Master VA. Improper retrograde urethrogram technique leads to incorrect diagnosis. J Urol. 2009 Aug;182(2):716-7
Micallef M, Ahmad I, Ramesh N, Hurley M, McInerney D. Ultrasound features of blunt testicular injury. Injury. 2001 Jan;32(1):23-6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Figler, B.D., Master, V.A. (2011). Urologic Trauma. In: Chapple, C., Steers, W. (eds) Practical Urology: Essential Principles and Practice. Springer Specialist Surgery Series. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-034-0_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-034-0_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-033-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-034-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)