Skip to main content

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Practical Urology: Essential Principles and Practice

Part of the book series: Springer Specialist Surgery Series ((SPECIALIST))

Abstract

The first description of the prostate gland goes back to Andreas Vesalius in his book entitled Tabulae anatomicae (1538). In 1564, Ambroise Paré, the Renaissance master of French surgery, described obstructive urinary symptoms. Two centuries later, in 1786, John Hunter, the famous British surgeon, related prostatic enlargement to obstructive symptoms, detrusor hypertrophy, and upper urinary tract dilatation. Transurethral instruments to relieve prostatic obstruction were first developed by Jean Civiale in Paris and Enrico Bottini. Eugene Fuller (1858–1930) and Peter Fryer (1852–1921) in Britain and George Goodfellow (1855–1910) in the United States pioneered surgery of BPH. In the twentieth century, new surgical techniques were developed thanks to people like Terence Millin, Hugh H. Young, James Buchanan Brady, George Luys, Maximilian Stern, Joseph McCarthy, and Frederic Foley.1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chapple C, Tubaro A. Current Therapy of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. London: Martin Dunitz Ltd.; 2000

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bosch JL, Hop WC, Kirkels WJ, Schroder FH. Natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia: appropriate case definition and estimation of its prevalence in the community. Urology. 1995;46:34-40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, et al. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21: 167-178

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Logie J, Clifford GM, Farmer RD. Incidence, prevalence and management of lower urinary tract symptoms in men in the UK. BJU Int. 2005;95:557-562

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gades NM, Jacobson DJ, Girman CJ, Roberts RO, Lieber MM, Jacobsen SJ. Prevalence of conditions potentially associated with lower urinary tract symptoms in men. BJU Int. 2005;95:549-553

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Thomas AW, Cannon A, Bartlett E, Ellis-Jones J, Abrams P. The natural history of lower urinary tract dysfunction in men: minimum 10-year urodynamic follow-up of untreated bladder outlet obstruction. BJU Int. 2005; 96:1301-1306

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rhodes T, Girman CJ, Jacobsen SJ, Roberts RO, Guess HA, Lieber MM. Longitudinal prostate growth rates during 5 years in randomly selected community men 40–79 years old. J Urol. 1999;161:1174-1179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bosch JL, Hop WC, Niemer AQ, Bangma CH, Kirkels WJ, Schroder FH. Parameters of prostate volume and shape in a community based population of men 55-74 years old. J Urol. 1994;152:1501-1505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. McConnell JD, Roehrborn CG, Bautista OM, et al. The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:2387-2398

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Teh GC, Sahabudin RM, Lim TC, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic BPE among Malaysian men aged 50 and above attending screening during prostate health awareness campaign. Med J Malays. 2001;56:186-195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Abrams P. New words for old: lower urinary tract symptoms for “prostatism”. BMJ. 1994;308:929-930

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Frymann RJ, Abrams PA. Current diagnosis in the management of men with lower urinary tract symptoms. In: Walsh P, Retik A, Vaughn ED, Wein A, eds. Campbell’s Urology Updates, Vol 1. Philadelphia: Saunders, Co.; 2000:1-17

    Google Scholar 

  13. Abrams P, Chapple C, Khoury S, Roehrborn C, de la Rosette J; International Scientific Committee. Evaluation and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men. J Urol. 2009 Apr;181(4):1779-87

    Google Scholar 

  14. Poulsen AL, Schou J, Puggaard L, Torp-Pedersen S, Nordling J. Prostatic enlargement, symptomatology and pressure/flow evaluation: interrelations in patients with symptomatic BPH. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1994;157:67-73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Nielsen KK, Nordling J, Hald T. Critical review of the diagnosis of prostatic obstruction. Neurourol Urodyn. 1994;13:201-217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mochtar CA, Kiemeney LA, Laguna MP, et al. Prognostic role of prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume for the risk of invasive therapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia initially managed with alpha1-blockers and watchful waiting. Urology. 2005;65:300-305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hong SJ, Ko WJ, Kim SI, Chung BH. Identification of baseline clinical factors which predict medical treatment failure of benign prostatic hyperplasia: an observational cohort study. Eur Urol. 2003;44:94-99; discussion 99-100

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. McNeill AS, Rizvi S, Byrne DJ. Prostate size influences the outcome after presenting with acute urinary retention. BJU Int. 2004;94:559-562

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Roehrborn CG, Bartsch G, Kirby R, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a comparative, international overview. Urology. 2001;50:642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. de la Rosette JJ, Alivizatos G, Madersbacher S, et al. EAU guidelines on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Eur Urol. 2001;40:256-263; discussion 264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaplan SA. Update on the American urological association guidelines for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Rev Urol. 2006;4(8 suppl):S10-S17

    Google Scholar 

  22. Boyle P, Robertson C, Lowe F, Roehrborn C. Meta-analysis of clinical trials of permixon in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2000;55:533-539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Tacklind J, MacDonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. CD001423; 2009

    Google Scholar 

  24. Roehrborn CG, Siami P, Barkin J et al.: The Effects of Combination Therapy with Dutasteride and Tamsulosin on Clinical Outcomes in Men with Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: 4-Year Results from the CombAT Study. Eur Urol. 2010; 57: 123-131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Roehrborn CG, Schwinn DA. Alpha1-adrenergic receptors and their inhibitors in lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2004;171: 1029-1035

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Michel MC. Potential role of a1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the aetiology of LUTS. Eur Urol Suppl. 2002;1:5-13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kortmann BB, Floratos DL, Kiemeney LA, Wijkstra H, de la Rosette JJ. Urodynamic effects of alpha-adrenoceptor blockers: a review of clinical trials. Urology. 2003;62:1-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Andersson KE. The concept of uroselectivity. Eur Urol Suppl. 1998;33:7-11

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kirby RS, Andersen M, Gratzke P, Dahlstrand C, Hoye K. A combined analysis of double-blind trials of the efficacy and tolerability of doxazosin-gastrointestinal therapeutic system, doxazosin standard and placebo in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2001;87:192-200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. van Kerrebroeck P, Jardin A, Laval KU, van Cangh P. Efficacy and safety of a new prolonged release formulation of alfuzosin 10 mg once daily versus alfuzosin 2.5 mg thrice daily and placebo in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. ALFORTI Study Group. Eur Urol. 2000;37:306-313

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Wilt TJ, Howe RW, Rutks IR, MacDonald R. Terazosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. CD003851; 2002

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Nelson D. Tamsulosin for treating lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic obstruction: a systematic review of efficacy and adverse effects. J Urol. 2002;167:177-183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Milani S, Djavan B. Lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: latest update on alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. BJU Int. 2005;95(suppl 4): 29-36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Djavan B, Marberger M. A meta-analysis on the efficacy and tolerability of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction. Eur Urol. 1999;36:1-13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Narayan P, Tunuguntla HS. Long-term efficacy and safety of tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Rev Urol. 2005;7(suppl 4):S42-S48

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Na YJ, Guo YL, Gu FL. Clinical comparison of selective and non-selective alpha 1A-adrenoceptor antagonists for bladder outlet obstruction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: studies on tamsulosin and terazosin in Chinese patients. The Chinese Tamsulosin Study Group. J Med. 1998;29:289-304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lee E, Lee C. Clinical comparison of selective and non-selective alpha 1A-adrenoreceptor antagonists in benign prostatic hyperplasia: studies on tamsulosin in a fixed dose and terazosin in increasing doses. Br J Urol. 1997;80: 606-611

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Barendrecht MM, Koopmans RP, de la Rosette JJ, Michel MC. Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: the cardiovascular system. BJU Int. 2005;95(suppl 4):19-28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Wilson JD, Griffin JE, Russell DW. Steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 deficiency. Endocr Rev. 1993;14:577-593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Russell DW, Wilson JD. Steroid 5 alpha-reductase: two genes/two enzymes. Annu Rev Biochem. 1994;63:25-61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Randall VA. Role of 5 alpha-reductase in health and disease. Baillières Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;8:405-431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Andersson S, Berman DM, Jenkins EP, Russell DW. Deletion of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 gene in male pseudohermaphroditism. Nature. 1991;354:159-161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Gormley GJ, Stoner E, Bruskewitz RC, et al. The effect of finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia the finasteride study group. N Engl J Med. 992;327:1185-1191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Debruyne FM, Jardin A, Colloi D, et al. Sustained-release alfuzosin, finasteride and the combination of both in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. European ALFIN Study Group. Eur Urol. 1998;34:169-175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lepor H, Williford WO, Barry MJ, et al. The efficacy of terazosin, finasteride, or both in benign prostatic hyperplasia veterans affairs cooperative studies benign prostatic hyperplasia study group. N Engl J Med. 1996;335: 533-539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Kirby RS, Roehrborn C, Boyle P, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of doxazosin and finasteride, alone or in combination, in treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: The Prospective European Doxazosin and Combination Therapy (PREDICT) trial. Urology. 2003;61:119-126

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kaplan SA, McConnell JD, Roehrborn CG, et al. Combination therapy with doxazosin and finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and a baseline total prostate volume of 25 ml or greater. J Urol. 2006;175:217-220; discussion 220-221

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Crawford ED, Wilson SS, McConnell JD, et al. Baseline factors as predictors of clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia in men treated with placebo. J Urol. 2006;175:1422-1426; discussion 1426-1427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gormley GJ, Ng J, Cook T, Stoner E, Guess H, Walsh P. Effect of finasteride on prostate-specific antigen density. Urology. 1994;43:53-58; discussion 58-59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Lowe FC, Batista J, Berges R, et al. Risk factors for disease progression in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH): a systematic analysis of expert opinion. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2005;8:206-209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lee JY, Kim HW, Lee SJ, Koh JS, Suh HJ, Chancellor MB. Comparison of doxazosin with or without tolterodine in men with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction and an overactive bladder. BJU Int. 2004;94:817-820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Abrams P, Kaplan S, De Koning Gans HJ, Millard R. Safety and tolerability of tolterodine for the treatment of overactive bladder in men with bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol. 2006;175:999-1004; discussion 1004

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kaplan SA, Roehrborn CG, Rovner ES, Carlsson M, Bavendam T, Guan Z. Tolterodine and tamsulosin for treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms and overactive bladder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;296:2319-2328

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Mebust WK, Holtgrewe HL, Cockett AT, Peters PC. Transurethral prostatectomy: immediate and postoperative complications. A cooperative study of 13 participating institutions evaluating 3,885 patients. J Urol. 1989; 141:243-247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Rassweiler J, Teber D, Kuntz R, Hofmann R. Complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) – incidence, management, and prevention. Eur Urol. 2006;50:969-979; discussion 980

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Hon NH, Brathwaite D, Hussain Z, et al. A prospective, randomized trial comparing conventional transurethral prostate resection with PlasmaKinetic vaporization of the prostate: physiological changes, early complications and long-term followup. J Urol. 2006;176:205-209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Boyle P, Robertson C, Vaughan ED, Fitzpatrick JM. A meta-analysis of trials of transurethral needle ablation for treating symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2004;94:83-88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Wagrell L, Schelin S, Nordling J, et al. Three-year follow-up of feedback microwave thermotherapy versus TURP for clinical BPH: a prospective randomized multicenter study. Urology. 2004;64:698-702

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Vesely S, Knutson T, Damber JE, Dicuio M, Dahlstrand C. TURP and low-energy TUMT treatment in men with LUTS suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction selected by means of pressure-flow studies: 8-year follow-up. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006;25:770-775

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Hoffman RM, MacDonald R, Monga M, Wilt TJ. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy vs transurethral resection for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. BJU Int. 2004;94:1031-1036

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Naspro R, Bachmann A, Gilling P, et al. A review of the recent evidence (2006–2008) for 532-nm photoselective laser vaporisation and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Eur Urol. 2009;55:1345-1357

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Vela-Navarrete R, Gonzalez-Enguita C, Garcia-Cardoso JV, Manzarbeitia F, Sarasa-Corral JL, Granizo JJ. The impact of medical therapy on surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study comparing changes in a decade (1992–2002). BJU Int. 2005;96:1045-1048

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tubaro, A., de Nunzio, C. (2011). Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). In: Chapple, C., Steers, W. (eds) Practical Urology: Essential Principles and Practice. Springer Specialist Surgery Series. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-034-0_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-034-0_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-033-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-034-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics